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Nucleic Acid
organic polymer that stores information for the production of proteins which is involved with the transmission of this inherited information
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DNA
deoxyribo nucleicacid; Central nucleic acid with the code of proteins. Major component of chromosomes in eukaryotes and found primarily in the nucleus of eukaryotes although a small amount is found in the mitochondria and chloroplasts. Known as the template of the genetic code.
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Nucleotide
- repeating
- monomers that make up nucleic acids; made of phosphate, sugar, and N-base
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Phosphate
- functional
- group made of 1-phosphorous atom bonded to 4- oxygen atoms; (-) charge due to
- oxygen atoms with extra electrons. Bond
- to the 5th-prime carbon of the sugar. Make up the backbone of a DNA strand
- alternating with the sugars
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Sugar
- In
- DNA it is deoxyribose, in RNA it is the regular ribose sugar. Both are pentose, 5 carbon sugars. The 1’ Carbon is bonded to the N-base
- compound. The 3’ Carbon is where the new
- nucleotides would be added. The 5’
- Carbon is where the phosphate is attached
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N-Base Compounds
1. There are 5 different N-base compounds. In DNA: Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine. In RNA: Adenine, Uracil, - Cytosine, and Guanine. They make up the
- center of the DNA and the order is the code for the proteins. They are divided into two groups depending on
- their structure: Purines and
- Pyrimidines.
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Purine
These N-bases are made of two carbon rings and are larger than the others. The examples are: Adenine and Guanine.
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Pyrimadine
- These
- N-bases are made of only 1 carbon ring and are smaller than the others. The examples are: Thymine, Cytosine, and Uracil
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Base Pairing Rule
- A purine must bond by weak H-bonds to a pyrimidine. The bonding is very specific, ex: A=T and C=G for DNA & A=U and C=G
- for RNA!
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