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Attitude
a learned predisposition to respond to an object or class of objects in a consistency favorable or unfavorable way.
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Beliefs
a consumer's subjective perception of how a product or brand performs on different attributes based on personal experience, advertising, and discuessions with other people.
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Brand Loyalty
a favorable attitude toward and consistent purchase of a single brand over time.
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Cognitive Dissonance
the feeling of post purchase psycological tension or anxiety consumers may experience when faced with two or more highly attractive alternatives.
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Consideration Set
the group of brands that a consumer would consider acceptable from among all the brands in the product class of which he or she is aware in the product class.
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Consumer Behavior
the actions a person takes in purchasing and using products and services, including the mental and social processes that come before or after these actions.
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Consumer Socialization
the process by which people acquire the skills, knowledge, and attitudes necessary to function as consumers.
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Evaluative Criteria
factors that represent both the objective attributes of a brand and the subjective one a consumer uses to compare different products and brands.
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Family Life Cycle
the distinct pases that a family progresses through from formation to retirement, each phase bringing with it identifiable purchasing behaviors.
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Involvement
the personal, social, and economic significance of the purchase to the consumer.
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Learning
those behaviors that result from (1) repeated experience and (2) reasoning.
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Lifestyle
a mode of living that is identified by how people spend their time and resources, what they consider important in their environment, and what they think of themselves and the world around them.
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Motivation
the energizing force that stimulates behavior to satisfy a need.
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Opinion Leaders
individuals who exert direct or indirect social influence over others.
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Perceived Risk
the anxiety felt because the consumer cannot anticipate the outcomes of a purchase but believes that there may be negative consequences.
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Perception
the process by which an individual selects, organizes, and interprets information to create a meaningful picture of the world.
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Personality
a person's consistent behaviors or responses to recurring situations.
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Purchase Decision Process
the five stages a buyer passes through in making choices about which products and services to buy: (1) problem recognition, (2) information search, (3) alternative evaluation, (4) purchase decision, and (5) post purchase behavior.
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Reference Groups
people to whom an individual looks as a basis for self-appraised or as a source of personal standards.
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Self-Concept
the way people see themselves and the way they believe others see them.
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Situational Influences
the five aspects of the purchase situation that impacts the consumer's purchase decision process: (1) the purchase task, (2) social surroundings, (3) physical surroundings, (4) temporal effects, and (5) antecedent states.
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Social Class
the relatively permanent, homogeneous divisions in a society into which people sharing similar values, interests, and behavior can be grouped.
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Subcultures
subgroups within the larger, or national, culture with unique values, ideas, and attitudes.
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Subliminal Perception
seeing or hearing messages without being aware of them.
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Word of Mouth
the influencing of people during conversations.
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