Physio_25.txt

• intercellular is about 28 liters
• extracellular is 14 liters; 11 interstitial and 3 plasma
• blood volume is around 5 liters

• volume of blood that is red cells
• true value is 96% of measured since some plasma stays between red cells

• about the same
• plasma has more preteins

• the proteins in the plasma carry a negative change so the plasma will have a slightly higher concentration of cations
• Anions have a slightly higher concentration in the interstitial fluid
• clinically the ion concentrations are said to be equall

• the fatter a person is the less of there body weight is water
• women have higher body fat percent so less of there weight is water

• higher intercellular; protein, K, Mg, PO4
• Higher extracelluar; Na, Cl, HCO3, Ca

a solution injected into a compartment will have the same mass after injection. You can use this equation to calculate the volume of the compartment

radioactive water

• tagged albumin
• stays in vasculiture
• Evans blue dye binds albumin

labelled Na

plasma volume/1-HCT

chromium

movement of water from a high concentration to a low

• the number of osmotically active particles in a volume
• Different then molar concentration. 1 Mol of NaCl in a liter of solution has an osmolarity of 2osm/L

osmoles per kilogram of water

osmoles per L of water

• the pull from solutes of water
• directly proportional to osmolarity
• if given grams of a solution, 0.9% saline=9gNaCl / L, divide grams by molar weight of compound to get molar concentration. then find osmolarity

• due to proteins
• 282 mOsm/L

19.3 mmHg

• 5% glucose
• .9% saline

cell swells

cell shrinks

behave as they are impermeable

Na concentration

• hypo osmotic dehydration
• decrease in extracellular fluid volume
• diarrhea and vomiting and overuse of diuretics
• pylonephritis, causes disruption of counter current exchanger
• Addisons disease

• diabetes insipidus
• dehydration from sweating

• loss of metabolic systems; Na/K pumps
• lack of adequate nutrition
• Ischemic area will have non pitting edema
• Inflammation can also lead to intercellular edema

• abnormal leakage of fluid from the plasma to the interstitial space
• failure of lymphatics , dangerous because proteins have no way to be removed
• infections or tumor of lymph nodes, filaria nematodes

• produce less proteins
• cause portal hypertension leading to ascities, can hold up to 20 L

• most interstitial fluid is in the gel form.
• bound to proteoglycans
• no free space for fluid to go

• low compliance as long is pressure is negative
• safety factor of 3mmHg

• without space waste ane electrolytes could not move in tissue to become excreted by the capillaries
• stops fluid from flowing to easy, without when yo stood up all fluid would flow to feet
• diffusion of waste is not compromised

• can increase flow 50 fold
• about 7 mmHg

• lymph flow increases and washes out proteins
• this decreases osmotic pressure
• safety factor of 7mmHg

• about 17 mmHg
• low tissue compliance, 3
• increased lymph flow, 7
• washout of interstitial proteins , 7

• pleura, pericardial, peritoneal cavity, synovial cavities
• joints and bursa

• edema of potential spaces
• caused by lymph blockage, excessive filtration

• 60% fluid
• 40% is intercellular
• 20% is extracellular