Microbio.txt

Absence of germs

Tending to ihibit the growth and reproduction of microorganism

Formation of antibodies in the infected host which protects against future invasion of the same organism

An animal or plant that harbors and provides fir the need of another organism

Invasion of yhe body by pathogenic microorganism that caused disease

Is a living entity microscopic. (too small to be seen by naked eye)

The protective response of body tissues to irritation or injury

Means to institue and practice measures to curtail the spread of infectious disease

The study of organism that only be seen through a microscope

Refers to infections acquired in the hospital

Organisms that produce disease

Ad a means of sustaining an infectious organism as otential source of infection

Refers to the process that effectivelu kills or eliminates transmissible agents

Used when caring patient regardless of diagnosis or infection

Specialized structure form by bacteria which is resistant to heat and drying

Poisonous waste produced by some bacyeria

Smalleat microorg. Tgat cause infection only seen with electron microscope

Study of viruses

Study of microorg. , microbes, germs, and their activities. Only be seen through microscope

• Louise Pasture
• Robert koch
• Joseph Lister

Study of bacteria

Study of virus

Study of fungia

Study of rickettsea

Study of immunity, resistance to diseaae

Study of protozoa

Light microscope and electron microscope

Study of microorganism, microbes, germs, and their activities. Can only be seen through microscope

1484-1553 wrote three books on the tranfer of infections from person to person

Gerolamo Fracostorious 1484-1553

1632-1723 from Holland. First petson yo obsetve and deacribe microorganisms he called "animalcules" throufh the mucriscope

Anthony Van Leeuwenhoek from Holland

From Italy. Proposed and proved tgat heat and air excluded from tube containing animalcules and heated will kill them

English physician who developed a vaccine against small pox

Edward Jenner an english physician

Louis pasteur, Robert Koch, and Joseph Lister

1843 physician poet published an article on contagiousness of puerperal sepsis, stated disease coyld be spread by hands of doctors and nurses

Oliver wendell holmes

a serious form of septicaemiacontracted by a woman during or shortly after childbirth, miscarriage or abortion. If untreated, it is life-threatening.

1843-1910 german physician. He developed Kochs postulates

• 1847 advisrd handwashing with a chlirinated lime solution
• 1861 published his view on the cause of puerperal fever

Ignaz Semmelweis

Ignaz Semmelweis

• 1822-1895 father of modern microbio and bacteriology
• Developed theory of fermentation
• Conclude decomp caused by growth of microorganisms

Louis Pastuer

Louis Pastuer

Louis Pastuer thr father of modern microbio anf bacteriology

1880-1890 when many bacteria were discovered

1909- first observed rickettsea bodies

Dr. Ricketts 1909

Wood ticks

Rocky Mt. Spotted

1912- applied emerging knowledge about the relationship btween disease and infection using asepsis in surgery

Reduce infections caused by surgery

1928- Discovered penicillin by accident which saved his life since he had pneumonia

Sir Alexander Fleming in 1928

• Living entities
• Only visible through microscope
• Exist in air, water, soil and lon everything and everyone

Study of bacteria

Study of virus

Study of fungi

Study if rickettsea

Study of immunity, resistance to disease

Study of protozoa

• 1 cause an infection
• 2 not cause an infection (normal flora)

Microorganism resides in the body without causing disease

• 1. Bacteria
• 2. Rickettsiae
• 3. Chlamydia
• 4. Virus
• 5. Fungi
• 6. Protozoans
• 7. Helminths

• single celled
• appear in three basic shapes: round (coccus), rod shape (bacillus) and curved rod

round (coccus), rod shaped (bacillus), and curved rod

round shape for bacteria

rod shaped bacteria

curved rod shape of bacteria

bacteria

they only gow in the presence of oxygen

it only gorw in the ABSENCE of O2

specialized structure formed by bacteria, remains dormant and germinates under favorable conditions. resistant to heat and disinfectants

bacteria can form them. - thick, slimy substances that envelopes cells when conditions are unfavorable

hair-like structures that enable the bacteria to move

poisonous waste produced by bacteria

microorganism that resembe bacteria but act more like viruses. smaller than bacteria, reproduce within the living cells of the host; transmitted to humans by intermeiate life forms such as fleas. which are referred to as parasites and can be treated with antibiotics

ricketssiae

lives in a host

classified as bacteria - smaller than ricketssiae

• 1. clamydia trachomatis, one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted diseases in the US
• 2. Trachomana a leading cause of blindness

chlamydia trachomatis and chlamydia (classified as a bacteria) causes it

• smalled microorganism known to cause infectious diseases, can only be seen with an electron microscope.
• they are filterable. need another organism to reporduce
• cause diseases such as common cold, fever, blister, chickn pox, shingles, aids, hep.

viruses

it causes fever, common cold, blister, chicken pox, aids, hepiatitis

• plant like organisms, only a few cause infectious diseases in humans
• 3 types of infections: superficial, intermediate, systemic

yeasts and molds

fungal infections

fungal infection on the skin

fungal infection beneath the skin

fungal infections that occur to organs

single-celled animals;classified according to their ability to move; use of flagella, and sporozoa

found in soil and most bodies of rain

cause amoebic dysentery and malaria

occur to patients that are immune compromised

infectious worms, not microscopic

roundworms, tapeworms, and flukes

animals with jointed legs including insects and ticks, mosquitoes can carry pathogens

favorable enviornment; warmth, darkness, oxygen, water and nourishment

a special medium to promote growth of the organism

to determine which antibiotics will inhibit bacteria

uses a dye, a crytal violet/ blue violet use

retain the color of the crystal violet

lost the crystal violet take the color of the red counterstain

streptococci

gonococci

do not cause disease (harmless)

cause diseases

generally non pathogens that are constantly present on the skin

pathogens picket up during brief contact with contaminated reservoirs

person that has the organism but NOT the disease

1. infectious agent (found everywhere) 2. reservoir 3. exit route from the reservir 4. mode of transmission 5. port of entry 6. susceptible host

how the microorganims that cause infections leave its reservoir (someone or some place) and land on its new prey

1. form spores- which can resist heat and destructive chemicals that can survive without moisture 2. ability to become ntibiotic resistant

1. contact: person to person 2. airborne 3 enviornment to person 4. droplet, vehicle 5. vector - vehicle into the body

nosocomial infections

refers to the condition that result when the microorganism cause injury to the host

refers to the presence of microroganisms but the host does not manifest signs or sympotoms of infection

1. incubation period 2. prodromal state 3. acute stage 4. convalescent stage 5. resolution

interval between entrance of pathogen into body and appearance of first symptom

interval from onset of nonspecific signs and symptoms to more specific symptoms (example: body aches but cold not there yet)

interval when atient manifests signs and symptoms specific to type of infection (ex: full blown flu)

interval when acute symptoms of infection disappear

when infection disappears

means to institue and practice measures to curtail the spread of infectious diseases

1. confining pathogens to one area (private room) 2. using personal protective equipment (gloves, gowns, face protection ect) 3. dispose of contaminated linen, equip. and supplies

1. standard precautions 2. transmission based precautions

centers for disease control and prevention

used when caring for all patients, regardless of diagnosis or infection; a mjor category established by CDC in 1996

a major category established by CDC in 1996; measures used for controling spread of infectious agents from pts known to be or suspected of being infected with highly transmissible or epidermiologically imporan pathogens

isolation precautions

hand washing