The Metaphysical view that claims reality ultimately consists of two kinds of things is
C. Dualism
The scientific conception of the nature of the mind tends to take the metaphysical view of:
B. materialism
The 17th century philosopher who gave us analytic geometry and focused much attention upon the thory of dualism was:
A. Rene Descartes
Traditionally, one of the most formidable problems facing any metaphysical theory of dualism is:
A. how a mind and body can interact
From a scientific point of view, dualism lacks feasibility since it
C. tends to be defended by relitious thinkers
Thomas Hobbes, a contemporary and critic of Descartes, argues that reality ultimately consists of:
A. matter in motion
Which of the following contemporary theories of the mind would be considered a version of metaphysical materialism?
C. behaviorism
A fundamental problem with all forms of behaviorism is
B. accounting for the subjective feature of all consciousness
The Turing Test for determining artificial intelligence involves
A. being unable to distinguish between the reponses of a computer and those of a human
According to John Searle's Chinese Room argument:
C. computers only manipulate formal symbols
A fundamental distinction between a computer processing info and the brain processing information is that:
A. the brain distributes itls load over time but a computer distributes over space
Theories claiming that mental phenomena are really some type of physical phenomena are considered to be:
D. reductionistic theories
T or F:
Descartes held that thinking is part of the essence of self
True
T or F:
Traditional dualism holds that a human is composed of a material body and an immaterial mind.
True
T or F:
Accordign to J.J.C. Smart there is a contingent identity between sensation and brain states.
True
T or F:
Hilary Putnam uses the exapmle of a "superactor" and a "superspartan" to prove behaviorism is true.
True
T or F:
Functionalism holds that we should explain mental activities and states in terms of inputs and outputs
True
Define Reductionism
the idea that one knd of thing is, or can be defined as, another kind of thing
Define Turing Test
A test for judging when a computer has reached the equivalent of a human mind by determining if the outputs a computer generates in response to the inputs it received are the same as the outputs a human mind woud gernerate in resonse to the same inputs
ID theory (pro/con)
The idea that mental states are really physical brain states
Pro - states of consciousness are identical with states of the brain (Smart)
Con - brain states and experiences are 2 very different things with different qualities
Define Essence
that which makes an entity what it is; that defining characteristic in whose absence a thing would not be intself
Functionalism (pro/con)
explanation of mental activites and states as terms that mediate or relate perceptual inputs and behavioral outputs
pro -
con - leaves out the inner consious states we are directly aware of (perception)
Who is Hobbes?
Related to materialism (the existence of consiousness)
"only matter is real. pereptual desire of mankind is power"
Eliminative Materialism
We must eliminate our belief in the existence of consiousness. What seemed to be there was merely an appearance.
The belief in an enduring self is a claim that the self
A. remains the same through change
Plato raised some skeptical concerns about an enduring self because
A. all parts of our body and soul change dramatically over time
Some philosophers, including John Locke, have argued that personal identity or sameness of self resides in
C. continuity of memory
According to David Hume, if the self is to be known then it is know through
B. perception
According to David Hume, we have
C. no constant and invariable idea of an enduring self
Some modern neurological accounts consider the notion of an enduring self to be
B. an illusion integration created by the brain
Some contemporary philosophical views have argued that our idea of an enduring self is better understood as
D. a construction of language
The Japanese rock garden of the Ryoan-Ji temple in Kyoto suggest that the self is
D. elusive but real
T or F:
A person always remains the same person even when the person has total amnesia
False
T or F:
The philosopher Diotima argued that "unlike the gods, a mortal creature cannot remain the same throughout eternity"
True
T or F:
Descartes wrote that "if i should wholly cease to think.. i should at the same time altogether cease to be."
True
T or F:
Locke hold that what makes a person at one time the same person he is at a later time, is the fact that he continues to have the same soul
True
T or F:
According to the Buddha, the idea of an enduring self is an illusion that produces suffering and egoism
True
Define Soul
an immaterial entity that is identified with consciousness, mind or personality
"I think, therefore I am" - Descartes
No self [Buddhism, Hume]
We cannot see all 15 stones in the garden at the same time, we cannot see our self. It escapes detection.no matter how hard we try
Memory [locke]
Locke says we do have an enduring self as long as we have memories of how we were thinking, feeling at the time of the behavior.
