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A weak or thin spot in the wall of a blood vessel in the brain that baloons out and fills with blood
Cerebral Aneurysm
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What are the three types of cerebral aneurysms, and which is the most common
- 1 - saccular aneurysm or "berry aneurysm" -- most common
- 2 - lateral aneurysm
- 3 - fusiform aneurysm
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The tendency to behave as if one side side of the body and/or one side space does not exsist
Contralateral Neglect
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An occlusion of a vessel by extraneous material such as a blood clot (thrombus), tumor, air, fat, clump of bacteria, plaque fragments from atherosclerotic disease
Cerebral Embolism
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Patient comprehends and has fluent speech but cannot translate what was said into a proper reply
Conduction Aphasia
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Small emboli mat occlude small vessels causing a loss of neurologic function. Usually resolves in a few minutes to less than 24 hours.
TIA
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Results when the communication between a major artery and vein do not develop normally-- results in a mass of tortuous interconnecting channels
Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)
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Common cause of memory loss in the elderly; often caused by multiple silent strokes
Multi-infarct dementia
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Name the warning signs of a stroke
- Slurred Speech
- Disorientation
- Trouble Understanding
- Motor Weakness
- Sensory changes (numbness)
- Visual Probs
- Ataxia
- Dizziness
- Excruciating H/A with rapid onset
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Most commonly, MS first appears as a series of attacks followed by complete or partial remission with a period of stability in-between attacks. This is called
Relapsing-Remitting MS
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A disease affecting neurons which leads to respiratory failure (the ultimate cause of death)
Amyotropic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
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Brown Sequard involves a loss of pain and temp on the ____________ side of body
CONTRALATERAL
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Brown Sequard involves a loss of proprioceptive & discriminative touch on the _____________ side of body
IPSILATERAL
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Brown Sequard involves motor loss on the __________ side of body
Ipsilateral
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An inherited disease causing progressive damage to the nervous system. First symptoms to appear is the difficulty walking that gradually worsens
Friedrich's Ataxia
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The most common cause of death in Friedrich's Ataxia
heart disease
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Occurs when the connections between two hemispheres are severed
Split Brain
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Pain occurs contralateral to area of brain injured by the stroke -- on side of body affected by stroke.
Thalamic Syndrome "it's in your head"
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Clear speech, normal rate, words inappropriate
Receptive/Fluent Aphasia
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A birth defect where the corpus callasum is either partially or completely absent
Agensis of Corpus Callosum
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Disorder of Cortical Region - impaired ability to discriminate intensity and quality of stimuli (wont know if corduroy or silk)
Localization of pain intact
Lesions in Primary Somatosensory Area
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Disorder of Specific Cortical Region - Results in contralateral homonymous hemianopsia (lost vision on opposite side)
Lesions in primary visual cortext
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The inability to recognize objects using a specific sense although have the knowledge of object's characteristics
Agnosia
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Feel coin but dont know if quarter or dime
Asterognosis
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See bird on windowsill but dont know its a bird
Visual Agnosia
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Person understands language and knows what he or she wants to say but cannot say it
Expressive Aphasia
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Cant tell the difference between the doorbell and a footstep
Auditory Agnosia
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What is prosopagnosia
Face Blindness (inability to recognize faces)
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Speech disorder due to paralysis of the vocal muscles
dysarthria
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Inability to perform a movement or sequence of movements despite intact sensation, motor output and understanding of task to be performed
Apraxia
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Cannot comprehend the relationship of parts to the whole
Constructional Apraxia
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A disturbance of the comprehension or formulation of language. It occurs with lesions to DOMINANT hemisphere
Aphasia
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Expressive Aphasia is the result of a lesion to
Broca's Area (inferior frontal gyrus)
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Inability to write
Agraphia
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Contralateral Neglect occurs with lesions in the
Non-dominant hemisphere
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If a person is neglecting the left side of the body, which part of brain has been damaged
their RIGHT (non-dominant side)
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Loss of Broca and Wernicki areas
Global Aphasia
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Aphasia occurs with lesions in which hemisphere
Dominant!
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Name 3 things that occur with lesions of the NON DOMINANT hemisphere
- aprosodia
- neglect
- inability to interpret intonation
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Controversive Pushing or Pusher's Syndrome may be a ____________ problem or a __________ issue.
- Parietal Lobe (spatial problems)
- or
- Posterior Thalamus (Vestibular issue)
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Extinct when you touch both sides at one time
Bilateral Simultaneous Extinction
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Lesions in this area produce Apathy & lack of goal-directed behavior/ person may not take care of their basic needs
Dorsolateral Prefontal Association Cortex
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Lesions to this area lead to poor judgment, risky behavior, socially unacceptable behavior, impulsiveness
Limbic Association Cortex
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Lesion to this area produces inability to comprehend language
Wernickes Area/ Receptive APhasia
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