exam 1 ch.2 dixon

are the body’s response to injury

elininates injurious agents
contains injuries
heal defects

alteration in the environment causing tissue damage

examples of injury:

nonspecific response to injury & occurs in the same manner regardless of nature of injury

Inflammation can be:

suffix denoting inflammation (pulpitis, gingivitis, etc.)

increase in numberof WBC's

enlargement of lymph nodes

small blood vessels, certain WBC’s, & chemical mediators

constriction of microcirculation then dilation

increase blood flow flooding capillary beds – heat/erythema

plasma fluids & proteins that leave the blood vessels & enter the surrounding tissues. (Causes pain – sensory nerves in area)

mainly plasma fluids/proteins (thin/clear)

tissue debris/many WBC's and serous (thick/colored)

clinical sign of edema (swelling)

a formation of a natural drainage passage boring through tissue allowing drainage of exudates (Buccal Parulus)

mechanical way of draining exudate

movement of WBC’s to periphery of vessel walls

lining of vessel walls with WBC’s

escape of WBC from vessels of plasma fluids that enter tissue

what are the casues of emigration:

ingestion of foreign substances by WBC's

what are the 6 types of WBC's:

also called PMN’s (polymorphonuclear leukocyte)
1st cell to migrate and primary cell invoved in acute inflammation

also called Macrophage
2nd cell to emigrate

involved in chronic inflammation and immune response

macrophages, lyphocytes, & plasma cells become the predominantes

60 – 70% of WBC pop.
main funtion- phagocytosis then dies

become macrophages after emigration
3 – 8% of WBC pop.
lysosomal enzymes to aide in destruction of foreign substances

start or enhance the inflammatory response
has 3 systems

what are the 3 systems of chemical mediators?

Mediates inflammation by causing inc dilation of blood vessels at the site increasing permeability of blood vessels by widening gaps between endothelial
Early phase of inflammation

Production of sequential cascade of plasma proteins that are present in the blood in an activated form
Release of histamine (mast cells)

clots bld and helps with repair
Platelets

body temp regulated by?

fever producing substances

can reduce fever with medications

inc of WBC'
Norm #4 -10,000/mm (infection can casue this to rise to 10-30,000)

enlargement of lymph nodes
WILL be able to paplate-enlarged mass in area of inflammation

primary cells of immune system

inc number of cells

inc size of cells

distinctive form of chronic inflammation

microscopic groupings of macrophages surrounded by lymphocytes & plasma cells – example: TB

large macrophages having multiple nuclei

the bodies final defense mechanism in its attempt to restore injured tissue to its orgininal state

occur in both epithelium and connective tissue
repair usually is completed in 2 weeks

Day of injury-
consist of fibrin, aggregated RBC's and platelets-clot formation (thrombocytes)
-affected by:hereditary, drug extensive injury, certain diseases.

One day after-
neutrophils

2 days after-

the initial tissue formed in CT portion of injury called

7 days after

2 wks after injury-

healing of an injury in which there is little loss of tissue
surgical incision
edges are joined by sutures
less scar tissue

injury whereby there is loss of tissue & the edges of the injury cannot be joined during healing
inc scar tissue
extraction site
keloid formation – excessive scarring in skin

excessive scarring in skin

infection occurs at site of surgical incision that is healing by 1° intention, and 2° intention may ensue
* waiting to perform surgical tissue repair until infection is resolved

occurs similar to tissue with exception of osteoblasts

interruption due to:removal of osteoblast-producing tissue
hemorrhage
inc movement of bone
infection