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what is spinal traction
use of distractive force to separate joint surfaces and stretch soft tissue
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what are the effects of spinal traction
- separation of vertebral bodies
- widen intervertebral foramen
- glide and distract facet joints
- stretch spinal musculature and connective tissue
- straighten spinal curves
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what is the most common use of spinal traction
reduce nerve root impingement
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what are the clinical indications for traction
- relief pressure from herniated disc
- correct vertebral malalignment
- improve spinal mobility
- relief spinal muscle spasm
- immobilize patient
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name the five different types of traction
- manual
- positional distractions (opens vertebral foramen)
- passive traction (gravity does the pulling)
- gravity assisted traction
- motorized traction
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what kind of traction is this
manual cervical traction
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what are the two requirements for manual traction
- requires strength
- accurate position
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how long should you pull when performing manual traction
pull < 2 minutes, repeated
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how long should positional traction last
approximately 15 min.
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true or false – positional distraction is mainly a home treatment
true
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when doing positional distraction how do you open up the intervertebral foramen
- sidelined over bolster
- knees and hips flexed
- shoulders rotated back on the table
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Who is a candidate for positional distraction?
someone with a lumbar herniated disc (symptoms on 1 side)
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what kind of traction is this
passive traction
not always well tolerated by patients
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What is another purpose of passive traction to an individual that is bed bound?
kind of remind them not to get up out of bed, and helps keep them immobilized if having acute neck and back pain
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How much weight is technically supposed to be used for passive traction and how much is recommended?
- 1/2 body weight needed for actual distraction but don't do this much
- approximately 10 pounds is used to pull head away from shoulder (*neck should be neutral or flexed to 25)
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what kind of traction is this
continuous in bed traction
weight is water – about 40 to 60% of body weight
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what kind of traction is this
continuous in bed traction for the neck
About 10 pounds to counter balance the weight of the head
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what kind traction is this
home lumbar traction
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what kind of traction is this
home cervical traction
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on the home cervical traction unit, how many degrees of flexion should there be in the neck
approximately 25°
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what kind of traction is this
What is wrong with this position?
over the door cervical traction
this position promotes more extension then flexion
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what are some precautions of over the door cervical flexion
- pressure chin
- TMJ problems
- dentures
- chewing gum
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how much weight should be used in over the door cervical traction
10 – 20 pounds
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how long should over the door cervical traction last
10 to 15 min.
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what kind of traction is this
- gravity assisted traction
- inversion table
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what are some of the basic principles of gravity assisted traction
- force is gravity and body weight
- separates vertebral bodies and widens inter-vertebral foramen
- home treatment
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Who is not recommended for gravity assisted traction?
someone with high BP
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what kind of traction is this
motorized traction
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what are some of the basic characteristics of motorized traction
- power source
- strong forces, finer control
- equipment – belts, motor, table/platform
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how long does motorized traction last
5– 30 min.
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what is the main difference between the two pictures
in the second picture there is no pressure being placed on the TMJ
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what are the contraindications of traction
- osteoporosis– spinal (elderly, esp. females)
- acute injury – spinal
- cancer – spinal – fairly common
- infection – spinal (can aggrevate infections)
- rheumatoid arthritis – joints become loose and they could get messed up
- recent fracture
- hernia, hemorrhoids, hypertension, aortic aneurysm
- pain gets worse- STOP TRACTION IMMEDIATELY
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