-
How effective are condoms for preventing STDs?
- Latex more effective
- Good protection from HIV, gonorrhea, Chlamydia
- Not so great protection from HPV, HSV
-
What pathogens cause bacterial vaginosis?
- Anaerobes:
- Prevotella
- Mobiluncus
- G. vaginalis
- Ureaplasma
- Mycoplasma
-
What are the symptoms of bacterial vaginosis?
- vaginal discharge with fishy odor
- pain
- itching
- burning
-
What is the treatment for bacterial vaginalis?
- Metronidazole PO
- Metronidazole topical
- Clindamycin topical
- (same in pregnancy except all oral)
-
How can you help prevent bacterial vaginalis?
- Abstinence
- Limit # of sexual partners
- Do not douche
- Complete the regimen prescribed
-
What are the complications of bacterial vaginalis?
- PID
- Infertility
- Increased risk of contracting HIV, Gonorrhea, Chlamydia and Herpes
-
Which STDs are asymptomatic in many people?
-
What pathogens cause Chlamydia?
Chlamydia trachomatis
-
What are the symptoms of chlamydia?
- Women:
- vaginal discharge
- burning urination
- lower abdominal pain
- low back pain
- nausea
- fever
- pain during intercourse
- bleeding
- Men:
- penile discharge
- burning urination
- burning/itching around opening of the penis
- pain and swelling of the testicles is uncommon
- Both:
- rectal pain, discharge or bleeding
-
How do you get chlamydia?
- vaginal sex
- anal sex
- oral sex
- vaginal childbirth
-
How do you treat chlamydia?
- Azithromycin 1g single dose
- Doxycycline
-
How can you prevent chlamydia?
-
What are the complications of chlamydia?
- PID
- Infertility
- Epididymitis
- Arthritis
- Skin lesions
- Inflammation of the eye
- Inflammation of the urethra
-
-
How do you get herpes?
- Vaginal sex
- Anal sex
- Oral sex
- Vaginal childbirth
- Transmission can occur with or without visible sores
-
What are the symptoms of herpes?
- Most are not aware of infection
- sores
- flu-like symptoms
- fever
- swollen glands
- Possible for "first episode" to occur years after transmission
-
How do you treat herpes?
- Acyclovir
- Famcyclovir
- Valacyclovir
-
How can you prevent herpes?
- Abstinence
- condoms (not very effective)
-
What are the complications of herpes?
- psychological distress
- fatalities in babies
- more susceptible to HIV
-
What pathogens cause herpes?
Herpes simplex virus I or II
-
What pathogens cause HPV?
human papilloma virus
-
How do you get HPV?
- vaginal sex
- anal sex
- oral sex
- genital-to-gential contact
- Transmission possible when no symptoms evident
-
What are the symptoms of HPV?
- genital warts
- warts in the throat (Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis - RRP)
-
Which strains of HPV cause cancer?
Types 6, 11, 16, and 18
-
How do you treat HPV?
- Self-tx:
- Podofilox
- Imiquimod
- Sinecatechins
- Provider-tx:
- cryotherapy
- podophyllin
- TCA
- BCA
- surgical removal
-
How do you prevent HPV?
- Vaccination with Cervarix or Gardasil
- Pap tests
- Abstinence
- Condoms (maybe)
-
What are the complications of HPV?
- cervical cancer
- vulvular cancer
- vaginal cancer
- penile cancer
- anal cancer
- tongue cancer
- tonsil cancer
- throat cancer
-
How do you get gonorrhea?
- Contact with the penis, vagina, mouth, or anus
- ejaculation does not have to occur
- childbirth
-
What are the symptoms of gonorrhea?
- Men:
- some have no sx
- burning urination
- white, yellow, or green discharge
- painful or swollen testicles
- women:
- most have no sx
- painful or burning urination
- increased vaginal dishcarge
- vaginal bleeding
- Both:
- anal discharge
- anal itching
- anal soreness
- anal bleeding
- painful bowel movements
- sore throat
-
What pathogens cause gonorrhea?
N. gonorrhoeae
-
What are the complications of gonorrhea?
- PID
- epididymitis
- arthritis
- bacteremia
- death
- more susceptible to HIV
- blindness in babies
-
What is the treatment for gonorrhea?
Ceftriaxone (or Cefixime) + azithromycin (or Doxycycline)
-
How can you prevent gonorrhea?
-
What pathogens cause syphilis?
Treponema pallidum
-
How do you get syphilis?
- direct contact with a syphilis sore
- can cause stillbirth, delayed development, seizures, or death
-
What are the symptoms of syphilis?
- Primary:
- single or multiple sores
- Secondary:
- skin rash (non-itching) on palms and soles of the feet or other parts of the body
- mucous membrane lesions
- fever
- swollen glands
- sore throat
- patchy hair loss
- HA
- weight loss
- muscle aches
- fatigue
- Late/latent:
- damage to internal organs including brain, nerves, eyes, heart, blood vessels, liver, bones, and joints
- difficulty coordinating muscle movements
- paralysis
- numbness
- gradual blindness
- dementia
- death
-
How do you treat syphilis?
- Benzathine Pen G (DOC)
- Doxycycline
- Tetracycline
-
What pathogens cause trichomoniasis?
protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis
-
How do you get trichomoniasis?
- penis-to-vagina intercourse
- vulva-to-vulva contact
-
What are the symptoms of trichomoniasis?
- Men:
- internal penile irritation
- mild discharge
- burning after urination or ejaculation
- women:
- frothy, yellow-green discharge
- strong odor
- discomfort during intercourse and urination
- genital irritation and itching
- lower abdominal pain (rare cases)
-
What are the complications of trichomoniasis?
- increased susceptibility to HIV
- premature birth
- low birth wt
-
How do you treat trichomoniasis?
- Metronidazole PO
- Tinidazole PO
-
How do you prevent trichomoniasis?
-
-
How do you treat HPV in pregnant women?
- Cryotherapy
- Surgical removal
- TCA
- BCA
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