Opportunistic Infections in HIV Patients

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What are the CD4 breakpoints for Opportunistic Infection prophylaxis in HIV patients?
- < 200:
- Pneumocystis jiroveci
- < 100:
- Toxoplasma gondii
- < 50:
- MAC
- CMV (also need to be CMV +)
- Just secondary prevention :
- Cryptococcus neoformans
Which pathogens may cause Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) when starting a new ARV regimen?
- Pneumocystis jiroveci
- MAC
- CMV
What is the treatment for Pneumocystis jiroveci?
- Bactrim IV 15-20mg/kg/d (high dose) QID x 21d
- Pentamidine IV
- Clindamycin + Primaquine (test for G-6PD deficient)
- Dapsone + Trimethoprim
- Atovaquone (mild cases only)
- Adjuvant: methylprednisolone (change to prednisone after 3-4d)
What is the prophylaxis for Pneumocystis jiroveci?
- Bactrim PO
- Pentamidine inhalation
- Atovaquone
- Dapsone
- Dapsone + pyramthamine + Leucovorin
What is the treatment for Toxoplasma gondii?
- Pyramethamine + Leucovorin + Sulfadiazine
- Pyramethamine + Leucovorin + Clindamycin
- Bactrim
- Atovaquone + Sulfadiazine
- Atovaquone
- Pyramethamine + Azithromycin
What is the prophylaxis for Toxoplama gondii?
- Bactrim
- Atovaquone
- Dapsone + Pyramethamine + Leucovorin
What is the treatment for Cryptococcus neoformans?
- [AMBd or LAMB] + Flucytosine x 2wks, then Fluconazole x 8wks
- Fluconazole +/- Flucytosine (IF AMB intolerable)
- Adjuvant: therapeutic lumbar taps
What is the prophylaxis for Cryptococcus neoformans?
- Fluconazole
- Itraconazole
What is the treatment for Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)?

Clarithrymycin + Ethambutol +/- Rifabutin continued indefinitely
What is the prophylaxis for MAC?
- Azithromycin
- Clarithromycin
- Rifabutin
What is the treatment for CMV?
- Ganciclovir
- Valgancyclovir
- Foscarnet
- Ganciclovir retinal implant
- Cidofovir + Probenecid (hydrate!)
What is the prophylaxis for CMV?

Valgancyclovir
What is the treatment for Candida infections in HIV?
- Fluconazole 100mg x 7-14d(oral infection)
- Fluconazole 400mg x 14-21d (esophageal infection)
- Nystatin
- Clotrimazole troche
What is the treatment for Fluconazole-resistant Candida infections in HIV?
- Oral:
- Itraconazole
- AMBd
- Esophageal:
- Posaconazole
- Voriconazole
- Caspofungin
- Micafungin
- Anidulafungin
- LAMB
What is the treatment for Cryptosporidiosis?
- Nitazoxanide
- Paromomycin
- Macrolides
What is the treatment for microsporidiosis?

Albendazole

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giddyupp

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Opportunistic Infections in HIV Patients

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Opportunistic Infections in HIV Patients

Updated

2011-02-04T16:49:16Z

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