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Speech sound production: Rules for combining speech sounds.
Phonology
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Speech sound production: Acoustic properties
Phonetics
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Type of Phonetics: Sounds change over time
Historical Phonetics
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Type of phonetics: Analysis of physiological movements and acoustic properties with instrumentation.
Experimental Phonetics
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Type of Phonetics: How physiological systems work to produce sound.
Articulatory Phonetics
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Type of Phonetics: Properties of sound waves.
Acoustic Phonetics
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Type of Phonetics: Sound awareness, sound interpretation. (Discrimination)
Perceptual Phonetics
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Type of Phonetics: Application, the study of speech disorders.
Clinical Phonetics
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A category of Sounds
Phoneme
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Minimal meaningful unit of sound
Morpheme
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Study of sound differences in a language
Phonemics
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Variation within a phonemic class
Allophone
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Letters and letter combos that represent the same sound
Allographs
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The ability to define the # of syllables in a word
Syllabication
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Lengthening the vowel into a diphthong changes the meaning.
Phonemic Difference
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Lengthing the vowel into a dipthong does not change the meaning.
Phonetic Difference
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Non Contrastive
Non Phonemic
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Same manner and place, but differ in voice.
Cognate Pairs
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Glides: Semi vowels: Sonorants: May also be called.
Approximants
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Change in configuration of the vocal tract due to sounds preceding or following the target.
Adaptation
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Perceptual Change: the affected sound takes from characteristics of neighboring sounds
Assimilation
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Study of rules that govern the production of sounds in combination of morphemes.
Morphophonemic
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Repertoire of all speech sounds a client produces
Phonetic Inventory
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List of phonemes used contrastively also phonotactics
Phonemic Inventory
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Articulation disorders are ____ in nature.
phonetic
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Phonological disorders are _____ in nature.
linguistic
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vowel like sounds; but not true vowels
Vocoids
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Consonant like sounds: but not true consonants
Contoids
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Phonetically Consistent Forms, Vocables, Quasi-Words
Proto-Words
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Factor in which the child actively selects words containing sounds that are important or remarkable to them.
Salience Factor
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Factor in which children avoid words that contain sounds not in their inventory.
Avoidance Factor
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Resonated in the nasal cavity
Nasal
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Produced at the front
Grave
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Produced with vocal fold vibration
Voice
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Produced at the back
Diffuse
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Sounds forcing the air stream through a small opening with intense noise.
Strident
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Incomplete point of constriction and continuous air flow.
Continuant
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Omission of one or more syllables from a polysyllabic word.
Unstressed syllable Deletion (USD)
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Total or partial repetition of a syllable from a target word.
Reduplication (redup) (doubling)
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Addition of /i/ or consonant + /i/
EX: doggy; Bookie
Diminutization (Dim)
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Insertion of an unstressed vowel, usally a schwa between two consonants or after a final voiced stop.
Epenthesis
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Omission of a final single consonant or deletion of all memers of a final consonant cluster.
Final Consonant Deletion (FCD)
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Omission of consonants in the word initial position.
Initial Consonant Deletion (ICD)
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Deletion or substitution of some or all members of a cluster AKA cluster simplification.
Cluster Reduction (CR)
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Partial or total deletion of one or more members of a cluster.
Ex: Straw becomes Ta
Cluster Deletion
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Replacement of one or al members of a cluster by another sounds.
EX: Straw becomes Stwah
Cluster Substitution
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Substition of stops for fricatives, usually in word initial position.
Stopping
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Replacement of an affricate by a stop or fricative.
EX: Chair becomes Share
Deaffrication
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Replacement of velars by sounds made in a more anterior position.
Velar Fronting (VF)
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Substitution of an alveolar fricative for a palatal fricative.
EX: Sheep becomes Seep
Depalatalization (Dep)
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Substitution of sounds with a posterior place of articulation for sounds with an alveolar place of articulation.
Backing
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Substitution of a vowel w/ a syllabic liquid.
Liquid Gliding (LG)
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Non-Labial becomes a Labial
Labial Assimilation
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Non-Velar becomes a velar
Velar Assimilation
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Non-Nasal becomes a Nasal
Nasal Assimilation
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Non-Alveolar becomes an Alveolar
Alveolar Assimilation
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Voiceless sound preceding a vowel becomes voiced.
Prevocalic Voicing
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Voiced obstruent following a vowel becomes voiceless or devoiced.
Prevocalic Devoicing
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Assimilation:
Features of two sounds combine to form one "ing"
Coalescence
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Inverstion of two sounds "Ask" becomes "Aks"
Metathesis
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Insertion of a sounds "warmth" becomes "warmPth"
Epenthesis
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Unstressed vowels move toward the schwa, spelling reflects original pronunciation.
Vowel Reduction
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Vowel reduced until the syllable is lost.
Syllable Reduction
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Difference between the child and the adult become limited to certain sounds.
Limitation
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Substitutions that appear random become more ordered.
Ordering
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The child stops one or more of the phonlogical processes while moving to the adult model.
Suppression
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Identifying words that begin with certain sounds.
Alliteration
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Identifying which words sound alike.
Rhyming
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Where a specific sound occurs in a word.
Phoneme Isolation
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Blending two or more sounds that are separated by a few sounds.
Sound Blending
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Being able to Identify the number of syllables in a word.
Syllable Identification
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Breaking down a word into its individual sounds.
Sound Segmentation
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Spelling words "phonetically"
Ex: Kat
Invented Spelling
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Metalinguistics of phonology: using language to talk about sounds.
Metaphonological
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