Toxicology Exam 1

Unsaturated lipids are subject to

Mechanisms of toxicity to Nucleic Acids

Deletion of part of a nucleotide may be incurred by

Cross-linking of nucleotides may result from

Alkylation of nucleotides may result from

Toxins become bad when

Portal vein delivers ___ % of blood to the liver and ___ % of the oxygen

Hepatic artery delivers ____% of blood to the liver and ____ % of oxygen

Periportal area consists of

peri-central area or central lobular area

Sub-lobular areas

Mid-zonal areas

Classifications of hepatotoxins

Periportal hepatotoxin

Specific inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase

Concentrations of allyl alcohol are higher in the periportal area because

Acrolein is a metabolite of _____ which causes toxicity in the _____

____ is a contributing factor to allyl alcohol toxicity

Acrolein causes____and requires ____.

Toxins to the pericentral/central lobular area

First important step in APAP induced hepatotoxicity

Activity of CYP450 enzymes is induced by

Mid-zonal toxin

Genotoxic carcinogens

non-genotoxin

Non-genotoxic causes

Inorganic chemical carcinogens

Organic chemical agents

chemical which upon one or more metabolic steps may interact with DNA leading to cancer

Chemical that is reactive in nature and directly attacks DNA

Chemical that is 1 step of biotransformation from being an ultimate carcinogen

Chemical that by itself does not cause cancer but enhances the carcinogenicity of a carcinogen

Mechanisms of a co-carcinogen

Prevents the activity of a carcinogen

Stages from exposure to a carcinogen to cancer

Initiation

Fixation

Promotion

Effects of a promotor may be caused by

2 ways for promotion to occur