Nobel Physics

for "the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him"*

for "their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena"

for "his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity"*

for "his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies"

for "his work on cathode rays"

for "his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases"*

for "his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid"*

for "his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference"

for "their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy"

for "his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids"*

for "his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat"

for "his invention of automatic valves designed to be used in combination with gas accumulators in lighthouses and buoys"

for "his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led, inter alia, to the production of liquid helium"*

for "his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals"

for "their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays"*

1916

for "his discovery of the characteristic Röntgen radiation of the elements"

for "the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta"*

for "his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields"*

for "the service he has rendered to precision measurements in physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel-steel alloys"

for "his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect"*

for "his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them"*

for "his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect"*

for "his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy"

"for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom"

"for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter, and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium"*

"for his discovery of the effect named after him"

"for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour"

"for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him"

"for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons"*

for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him"

for the creation of quantum mechanics, the application of which has, inter alia, led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen"*

"for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory"*

"for the discovery of the neutron"

"for his discovery of cosmic radiation"

"for his discovery of the positron"

"for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals"

"for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons"*

"for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it, especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements"*