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composition
- The overall plan or structure of a work of art
- composition denotes the relationship among component parts
- involves balance and harmony
- depends on formal elements are arranged
- distinct from subject matter
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plane
A flat surface having a direction in space in which the composition is rendered.
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balance
- harmonious blending of formal elements
- simplest form is symmetry
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line
- A line is a path traced by a moving point.
- no width or volume in geometry
- many qualities in art depending on how its drawn
- parallel lines harmonious
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depth
- The illusion of three dimensions
- in a two-dimensional image.
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perspective
- The illusion of depth in a
- 2 - dimensional work of art
- developed by the use of mathematical systems
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physical properties of color
- The rays of light that are
- composed of waves of various
- wave lengths that the human brain perceives as color.
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hue
- The individual waves of light that
- the brain perceives as color such
- as Red, Orange, Yellow, etc.
- synonymous with color
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value
- The relative lightness or darkness
- of an image.
- also called brightness, shade, tone
- characteristic of achromatic and chromatic art.
- normal ale is amount of light it reflects at usual intensity
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intensity
- Also know as saturation,
- intensity refers to the brightness
- or dullness of a color.
- different methods of changing intensity
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Archaic Style
- 600-480 B.C.
- A stylistic form of Greek art that
- was highly influenced by Egyptian Art.
- painting technique known as black-figure
- red-figure painting introduced during
- time when monumental sculpture of humans first appeared in Greece
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Classical Style
- 450-400 B.C.
- The Greek idealistic art form focusing
- on youth and the perfect body form.
- known as the "golden age of greek art"
- Athens popular place during
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Polykleitos/Polyclitus of Argos
- c.440 B.C.
- The Greek sculptor who sculpted
- Doryphoros, the “spear-bearer” statue.
- admired work known as embodiementof classical style
- made first stature with contrapposto
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Athens
- Beginning 7th Century BC
- 2nd half of the 5th Century B.C.
- fifth century, site of flowing of the classical style
- The capital and largest city of modern Greece and where the ancient Acropolis still stands.
- the site of the parthenon
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the Acropolis
- 2nd half of the 5th Century B.C.
- Acropolis (from the Greek akros, “hight” or “upper” and polis, “city”) and where the Greek
- temples were built.
- elevating rock supporting several temples and other buildings
- fortified citadel during mycenaean period
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Parthenon
- Date: 448-432 B.C.
- Doric temple dedicated to the goddess Athena located at the Acropolis
- Built during Perikles’ rule.
- Use of architectural refinements to solve optical illusions
- Phidias was the lead sculptor and built the large sculpture of Athena
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Phidias
- 490-430 B.C.
- Greek artist/sculptor
- supervised the sculptural decoration of the Parthenon
- constructed the Athena statue inside around a wooden frame
- used different styles to fit decorations around shape of parthenon
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Doric
- 600 – 5th century B.C.
- The oldest Greek order or systems
- of classical architecture, along with Ionic
- and Corinthian orders.
- used by greeks to decorate and define system of construction at the time
- named for the Dorians who lived in the mainland
- uses formal repetitions and logical transitions
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Ionic
- Established by about 600 B.C.
- The second oldest Greek order or systems of classical architecture, along with Doric and Corinthian orders.
- round base with alternating convex and concave profile
- shaft taller in relation to diameter
- absence of triglyphs and metopes
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Corinthian
- Later part of the 5th century B.C.
- The last Greek order or systems of classical architecture, along with Doric and Ionic orders.
- suggests first designed by metalworkers of Corinth
- used mainly in interiors
- associated with luxury and "feminine" character
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Rome
- founded 753 B.C., rose to power 323 B.C.
- Leading city of Italy, located in Western Italy .
- In 509 B.C. the last king (Etruscan king) was overthrown and the Republic was established.
- designated as capital of the world
- melting pot of cultures
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Republic
- 509 B.C.
- Roman monarchial form of government
- created after the last Etruscan king was overthrown.
- ruled by senate and patrician citizens
- time of punic wars
- lasted until 27 bc
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Empire
- 27 BC – 330 AD
- Roman government that replaced the Republic
- Octavian, who later took the title “Augustus,” became the first emperor.
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, Colosseum,
- c. A. D. 72-80
- The most important Roman Amphitheater used for public spectacles.
- built under vespasian
- exterior consist of arcades
- ground floor columns tuscan
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Pantheon
- A.D. 117-125
- Considered the most innovative ancient Roman Temple.
- built during reign of Hadrian
- dedicated to the five planetary gods in the second century
- consists of two parts - portico and rotunda
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vaults
- An arched roof formed by a series of arches in continuation to create a passageway.
- Typically made of concrete.
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dome
- Roman structure made by rotating a round arch through 180 degrees on its axis.
- It is a hemisphere in its most basic form.
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Robert-Houdin
- 1805-1871
- French inventor & magician whose use of stage magic led way to film fantasy.
- opened theater in paris for magic
- died of pneumonia
- given diploma by arab chieftains
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Lumieres family
- ~1890’s
- Family, particularly brothers, involved in early screen projections and who were also part of the “nouveau riche.”
- admired Bouguereau
- inspired Melies to begin film
- helped make cinema born of magic
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Georges Melies
- 1861-1938
- French magician & film maker who invented stop-motion film.
- inspired by robert-houdin
- fater of film fantasy
- frequently appeared as devil in films
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Guillaume Bouguereau.
- 1825-1905
- French artist & teacher who was one of the most respected artists of the Opera’s art establishment.
- taught at Ecole
- admired Lumiere
- influx nced films of Melies
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Romanesque Art
- 11th-12th Centuries
- Stylistic term which refers to medieval art that borrows features of Roman architecture.
- rounded arches
- vigorous stype in many churches
- precious medals used
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Sainte-Foy at Conques in France
- c.1050-1120
- The earliest surviving example of a pilgrimage church.
- irected by the abbot Odolric
- Romanesque style
- ome that originally covered the crossing later collapsed and was replaced in the 15th century..
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tympanum
- 11th-12th Centuries
- The inner archway above doors of a Romanesque (or Greek) portal
- which often contained elaborate scenes, usually of religious themes.
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archivolt
- 11th -12th Centuries
- Structure which includes the voussoir & tympanum
- part of Romanesque portal.
- composed of bands of ornamental moldings (or other architectural elements) surrounding an arched opening
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lintel
- 11th-12th Centuries
- Structural feature above the doors and below the tympanum of a Romanesque portal.
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mandorla,
- 11th-12th Centuries
- An oval of light used in Romanesque tympanum designs.
- far eastern motif
- found in last judgment
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Last Judgement of Saint-Lazare Cathedral at Autun in France,
- c.1120-1135
- A sculptural decorative scene carved in the tympanum of Saint-Lazare.
- Christ surrounded by mandorla
- conforms to iconograpic norm in arrangement.
- Divide right and left, angels and devls
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Gothic Art,
- Popular 1200-1400 (Originated between 1137 and 1144)
- Pre-Renaissance style of art which began in France before spreading to various parts of Europe
- developed out of romanesque
- popular in cathedrals and abbeys
- christian art typical
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Saint-Denis,
- 1137-1144
- Gothic-style French royal monastery just north of Paris.
- early gothic architecture
- abbot sugar help create
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ribbed vaults,
- 1200-1400
- Gothic-style vault
- which replaced the former barrel vaults of Romanesque style
- and allows more space for windows.
- used in cathedral
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stained glass,
- 1200-1400
- Translucent colored glass which is cut into fragments to form a window design
- used in gothic period
- allowed light in and provided support
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pointed arches,
- 1200-1400
- The intersection of 2 arcs of nonconcentric circles.
- used in gothic period
- found in cathedrals
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flying buttresses,
- 1200-1400
- An exterior structure that is made up of thin half-arches (flyers)
- to provide structural support
- used in gothic period
- found in cathedrals
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Chartres Cathedral,
- Built from 1134-1220
- The cathedral in France,
- located in Chartes
- gothic style
- which dominated both economy and landscape of its surrounding area.
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nave,
- 1200-1400 (Gothic Period)
- Main central,
- open space which typically leads to the altar of a Gothic-style church
- gothic period
- also found in romanesque art
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transept,
- Prominent 1200-1400
- The structural feature of a Gothic cathedral
- which intersects with the nave and
- separates the choir area from the nave.
- gothic period
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Renaissance,
- 14th-16th Centuries
- Italian history’s period of the revival of interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture, whose term means “rebirth.”
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Humanism,
- 1300 – 1600
- The philosophical idea, that man was rational and capable of achieving dignity, intellectual excellence, and high ethical standards by means of a classical education.
- occurring after the middle ages
- movement of study toward original greek and roman texts
- artists back to greek and roman forms
- latin alphabet preferred
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Florence,
- 1400’s
- The intellectual, financial and artistic center of Renaissance Italy.
- previously ravaged by plague
- santo spirito
- dome of florence cathedral
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Arnolfini Wedding Portrait,
- 1434
- Oil on wood painting by
- Jan van Eyck
- of an Italian merchant and his wife.
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Jan Van Eyck,
- c. 1380/90-1441
- The most prominent painter of northern Europe
- work combines Flemish interest in detail and tactile sensibility with Christian symbolism.
- painter to the Duke of Burgundy
- painted arnolfini portrait
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Leonardo da Vinci,
- 1452-1519
- High Renaissance sculptor, architect and artist who also wrote on many aspects of humanity including the arts and sciences
- painted mona lisa
- painted last supper
- had numerous anatomical drawings
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High Renaissance,
- Late 15th and early 16th Centuries
- The period of time of exceptional artistic development in Italy, particularly Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael.
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Mona Lisa,
- 1503-5
- Famous painting by Leonardo da Vinci
- characterized his mixture of nature, architecture, human form, geometry, and character.
- figure forms pyramidal shape
- smile is subject of many interpretations
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The Last Supper,
- c. 1495-98
- One of the world’s most recognized paintings of the Last Supper of Christ by Leonardo da Vinci.
- leonardos most important mature work
- conveys character and dramatic tension
- uses imposing and unifying architectural settimg
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sfumato,
- An Italian word that means “toned down”, or literally “vanished in smoke,”
- in reference to characteristics of art, film and architecture.
- painting mode of renaissance
- leonardo da vinci prominent practicer
- Raphael
- 1483-1520
- High Renaissance painter who incorporated the forms and philosophies of Greek and Roman art in his work.
- painter for pope, church
- knowledge of dephth perception
- buried in pantheon
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