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What are some examples of emerging infectious diseases?
- Lassa Fever
- Ebola Hemmorhagic Fever
- Legionnaires' Disease
- Lyme Disease
- AIDS
- Cholera
- Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
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What are some examples of Re-emerging infectious diseases?
- Cryptosporidiosis
- Diptheria
- Influenza
- Malaria
- Pertussis
- Rabies
- TB
- Yellow Fever
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First Transition that allows emerging diseases to develop
- Occurs when people begin to live in much closer proximity to one another
- Proximity between populations allows for easy transmission of disease
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Second Transition that allows emerging diseases to develop
- Neighboring civilizations made contact with each other through war or trade
- Contact allowed the exchange of pools of infectious organisms and vectors between populations.
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Third Transition that allows emerging diseases to develop
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Worldwide exploration and colonization led to the identification of new populations
Newly identified populations came into contact with pathogens never seen before within their cultures.
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Fourth Transition that allows emerging diseases to develop
- This is happening now. Ongoing causes are:
- Global urbanization
- Increase in population density
- Poverty
- Social upheaval
- Travel
- Long distance trade
- Technology development
- Land clearance
- Climate change
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What are the three ways a virus can change?
- Mutation
- Recombination
- Reassortment
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Mutation (every replication)
- A virus infects a cell, there will be mutations that can occur.
- Usually, cells have a way of proof-reading DNA and ususally mutations get caught.
- Occasionally they won’t and new cells get stuck with that mutation. The same happens with viruses. New viruses have a mutation, possibly the mutation changes one of the proteins that it needs to replicate, etc. Sometimes these mutations elicit a brand new virus.
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Recombination
- Rare event
- It requires one cell to be infected with two different viruses. DNA replicates for both viruses, genetic material recombines, the 2 get mixed. But there is only a little of the DNA that is mixed.
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Reassortment
- Happens during coinfection of 2 viruses
- Like recombination except there are whole segments changing and mixing.
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