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Parasitology
Worms, Protozoa, amoeba
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What is the difference between Prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells?
- Prokarytotic cells are about 10 times smaller than eukaryotic cells
- Prokaryotic cells lack many cell structures suck as organelles
- All prokaryotes are microorgansims, but only some eukaryotes are
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Basic structure of Bacteria
- ribosomes
- chromosome
- cell wall
- cell membrane
- flagellum
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Basic structure of Protozoans and Fungi
- Ribosomes
- Nucleus
- Mitochondria
- Cell Membrane
- Flagellum
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Basic Structure of virus
- Envelope
- Capsid
- Nucleic acid
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What are characteristics of Viruses?
- Not independantly living cellular organisms
- Much simplar than cells- basically a small amount of DNA or RNA wrapped in protein and sometimes by a lipid membrane
- Inviduals are called a virus particle or virion
- Depend on the infected cell's machinary to multiply and disperse
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What is the typical size of Fungi?
About 1 mm
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What is the size of protozoa?
about 100 um
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What is the typical size of human cells?
Aboout 10 um
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What is the typical size of bacteria?
About 1 um
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What is the typical size of Virus?
200 nm - 10 nm
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Lifestyles of Microorganisms
- Most live a free existence (in soil or wter, for example)
- Some are parasites
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What are some causes of death due to pathogens?
- Influenze and pneumonia
- Septicemia
- Respiratory infections
- HIV/AIDS
- Diarrheal diseases
- Tuberculosis
- Malaria
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Worldwide Infectious Diseases
- Increasing number of emerging diseases (SARS, AIDS, hepatitis C, viral encephalitis)
- Other diseases previously not linked to microorganisms now are (gastric ulcers, certain cancers, schizophrenia, and MS, OCD, CAD)
- Increasing number of drug resistant strains
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What dangerous super bugs infects more healthy people?
Durg-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
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What infection rival MRSA
C. diff
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When was the theory of spontaneous generation disproved? By who?
The theory was disproved by Louis Pasteur in 1861
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Who was the first person to discovered microscopic life? When?
- Anton van Leeuwenhoek
- 1673
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The golden Ageof Microbiology
- 1857-1914
- Period when most of the disease-producing bacteria were isolated
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Louis Pasteur
- Pasteurization
- The Germ Theory of Disease
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Robert Koch
Koch's postulates- verified the germ theory
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How did Pasteur disproved the spontaneous generation theory?
Experiment with flask that have curved neck
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What is the components of Leeuwenhoek's microscope?
- Lens
- Specimen holder
- Focus screw
- Handle
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What is Koch's Postulate?
- 1. Microorganism must be obersved in every case of the disease
- 2. It must be isolated and grown in pure culture
- 3. The pure culture, when inoculated in animals, must reproduce the disease
- 4. Microorganism must be recovered from the disease animal
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Who first came up with the idea of vaccination? How?
- Edward Jenner in 1796
- Used the cow pox virus to protect humans against small pox
- In 1880 Pasteur discovered how vaccines work
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Disinfectans to prevent disease
- Mid-1800's Joseph Lister
- Hand washing - Ignaz
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Antibiotics
- 1879 Paul Ehrlich discovered "magic bullets"
- 1928 Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin's activity
- In the 1940's, PCN was purified, chemically identified, and tested
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Antibiotic Resistance
- 1944 antibiotics were in mass production
- -1945 Researcher report resistant bacteria
- 1947 First case of clinical resistance to PCN observed
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What is Taxonomy?
Naming, Classifying, and Identifying Microorganisms
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Microbial nomenclature-
Naming microorganims
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Taxonomy
- Classifying living things
- -Originated over 250 years ago with the work of Carl von Linne
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Identification-
discovering and recording the traits of organisms so they can be named and classified
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How does the binomial system of nomenclature work?
- The generic (genus) name followed by the species name
- Generic part is capitalized, species is lowercase
- Both are italicized or underline if italics are't available
- Staphylococcus aureus
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Name the taxonomic categories?
- Domain
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Orer
- Family
- Genus
- Species
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Characteristics of Eukaryoties vs. Prokaryotes
- Eukaryotes:
- -Posses a (Nucleus)
- -Ribosomes are 80's
- -Complex cellular structure containing aditional organelle
- -1.ER
- -2.Golgi
- -3.Cytoskeleton
- -4.Mitochondria
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