Network Plus.txt

An implementation of Ethernet that specifies a 10Mbps signaling rate, baseband signaling, and twisted pair cabling.

Based on the IEEE 802.3u standard, 100Base-T is the Fast Ethernet specification of 100Mbps baseband that uses UTP wiring. 100Base-T sends link pulses (containing more information than those used in 10Base-T) over the network when no traffic is present. See also 10Base-T, Fast Ethernet, IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD Networking.

Based on the IEEE 802.3u standard, 100Base-TX is the 100Mbps baseband Fast Ethernet specification that uses two pairs of UTP or STP wiring. The first pair of wires receives data; the second pair sends data. To ensure correct signal timing, a 100Base-TX segment cannot be longer than 100 meters.

A list of rights that an object has to resources in the network. Also a type of firewall. In this case, the lists reside on a router and determine which machines can use the router and in what direction.

Switch port assigned to only one VLAN.

A message confirming that the data packet was received. This occurs at the Transport layer of the OSI model.

The replacement for NT Directory Service (NTDS) that is included with Windows Servers. It acts similarly to Novell Directory Services (NDS) because it is a true X.500 based directory service.

A hub that is powered and actively regenerates any signal that is received. See also hub.

A network created when two RF capable devices are brought within transmission range of each other. A common example is handheld PDAs beaming data to each other.

Technically, the peripheral hardware that installs into your computer or the software that defines how the computer talks to that hardware.

Designation to allow PCs to be known by a name or number to other PCs. Addressing allows a PC to transmit data directly to another PC by using its address (IP or MAC).

The process by which switches/bridges receive a frame and place the source address of the frame in the content addressable memory (CAM) table.

A bit combination descriptor identifying which portion of an address refers to the network or subnet and which part refers to the host. Sometimes simply called the mask. See also subnet mask.

Part of a DNS table that maps an IP address to a domain name. Also known as an A (or host) record.

The process used for resolving differences between computer addressing schemes. Address resolution typically defines a method for tracing Network layer (Layer 3) addresses to Data Link layer (Layer 2) addresses.

The Network layer protocol that IP uses to ascertain the MAC address of a known IP address when IP determines that the destination is on the local subnet and communication with the destination must therefore occur at the Data Link layer.

A number that is used by routing protocols to determine the trustworthiness of a route.If two route updates are received on a router with different AD's, the router will only accept the one with the lower AD and discard the other route update.

A block cipher adapted form of encryption that was created by Vincent Rinjndael and standardized by the U.S. government. It is now used worldwide. Before we used AES, the Data Encryption Standard (DES) was widely used.

A category of software that uses various methods to eliminate viruses in a computer. It typically also protects against future infection. See also virus.

The seventh layer of the OSI model, which deals with how applications access the network and describes application functionality, such as file transfer, messaging, and so on.

An integrated circuit (IC) customized for a particular use, rather than intended for general purpose use: for example, a chip designed solely to run a LAN switch.

A table used by the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) that contains a list of known TCP/IP addresses and their associated MAC addresses. The table is cached in memory so that ARP lookups do not have to be performed for frequently accessed TCP/IP addresses but aged out so that associations do not become stagnant. See also Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), Media Access Control (MAC), Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).

An implementation of DSL where the upload and download speeds are different. See also digital subscriber line (DSL).

A connection oriented network architecture based on broadband ISDN technology that uses constant size 53 byte cells instead of packets. Because cells don't change size, they are switched much faster and more efficiently than packets across a network.

Port on some NICs that lets you connect the NIC to different media types by using an external transceiver.

___________ is the degradation of a signal and affects the propagation of waves and signals in electrical circuits, in optical fibers, as well as in air (radio waves).

A means by which network devices can auto detect options such as speed and duplex, just to name two. A LAN switch is a good example of how a port can auto detect 10 or 100Mbps or full and half duplex operation with the network card that is attached to the port via cable.