Psychology 1 & 6

having to do with an organisim's physical processes

having to do with an organism's thinking and understanding

the scientific study of behavior that is tested through scientific research

an assumption or prediction about behavior that is tested through scientific research

a set of assumptions used to explain phenomena and offered for scientific study

the pursuit of knowledge about natural phenomena for its own sake

discovering ways to use scientific findings to accomplish practical goals

a general approach to gathering information and answering questions so that errors and biases are minimized

a psychologist who studied the basic elements that make up conscious mental experiences

a method of self-observation in which participants report their thoughs amd feelings

a psychologist who studied the function (rather than the structure) of consciousness

a psychologist who studies who unconcious motives and conflicts determine human behavior, feelings, and thoughts

a psychologist who analyzes how organisms learn or modify their behavior based on their response to events in the environment

a psychologist who believes that each person has freedom in directing his or her future and acheiving personal growth

a psychologist who studies how we preocess, store, retrieve, and use information and how thought processes influence our behavior

a pschologist who studies how physical and chemical changes in our bodies influence our behavior

the brain and spinal cord

nerves that run up and down the length of the back and transmit most messages between the body and brain

nerves branching beyond the spinal cord into the body

the long, thin cells of nerve tissue along which messages travel to and from the brain

the gap that exists between individual nerve cells

the chemical released by neurons, which determine the rate at which other neurons fire

the part of th e peripheral nervous system that controls voluntary movement of skeletal muscles

the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls internal biological functions

a part of the brain located at the rear base of the skull that is involved in the basic process of life

a small part if the brain above the pons that arouses the brain, integrates sensory information, and relays it upward

a part of the brain that covers the brain's central core, responsible for sensory and motor control and the processing of thinking and language

the differemt regions into which the cerebral cortex is divided

a amchine usd to record the electrical activity of large portions of the brain

an imaging technique used to study the brain to pinpoint injuries and brain deterioration

an imaging technique used to see which brain areas are being activated while performing tasks

a measuring technique used to study brain structure and activity

a chemical communication system, using hormones, by which messages are sent through the bloodstream

chemical substances that carry messages through the body in the blood

the center of control of the endocrine system that secretes a large number of hormones

the genetic transmission of characteristics from parents to their offspring

twins who come from one fertilized egg; twins having the same heredity

the basic building blocks of heredity

twins who come from two different eggs fertilized by two different sperm

• description
• explanation- hypothesis & theory
• prediction
• influence

wilhelm wundt

• wilhelm wundt
• basic elements of human experience
• introspection- looking at one's own thoughts -> scientific method

• william james
• how animals and people adapt to their environments
• what is the function of all processes

• sir francis galton
• believed that greatness was inheritable

• german psychologists
• perception is more than the sum of its parts (raw egg=ew. cake=yum.)
• looks at how the mind works

• sigmund freud
• unconcious mind- free association & dream analysis

• ivan pavlov (dogs)
• conditioning led to response towards stimulusbased on prior experiences

• maslow, rogers, and may
• human nature is evolving and self-directed
• environment & experience is only background to instincts

• praget, chomsky, & festinger
• focus on how we process, store, retrieve, and use information
• how information influences our thinking, language, problem solving, & creativity
• behavior is influenced by mental processes rather than stimuli

how the brain, nervous system, hormones, and genetics influence behavior

culture & ethnicity has impact on behavior

sigmund freud

• cental nervous system
• peripheral nervous system

• dendrites
• axon
• axon terminals
• myelin sheath

recieve impulses and send the to cell body

carries impulse from cell body towards terminals

realease neurotransmitters

insulates and protects axons

• sympathetic- prepares body for dealing with emergenciesand strenuous activity
• parasympathetic- works to conserve energy and to enhance the body's ability to recover from strenuous activity

• cerebellum-posture, balance, voluntary movement
• medulla-breathing, heart rate, and reflexes
• pons- produces chemicals the body needs for sleep

• thalamus-relay station
• hypothalamus-hunger, thirst, temperature
• cerebral cortex-ability to learn and stor complex and abstract information. See, read, and unterstand

• regulates emotions and motivations
• hypothalamus
• amygadala (angry)
• thalamus
• hippocampus (memory)

• corpus callosum
• occipital lobe
• parietal lobe
• temporal lobe
• frontal lobe

connects the right and left hemispheres

vision

senses all over the body

hearing, memory, emotion, and speaking

organization, planning, and creative thinking

the more brain are that is used to control it

speech, math, calculations, and logic

visual, spatial, creativity, and intuition

• control seizures
• helps psychologists to better understand what side of the brain is responsible for activites

neurosurgeons can stimulate different parts of the brain to isolate different functions

scientists will cut animal brains and see how they react

• depending on the damage sustained, doctors can make certain interferences
• phineas gage

• pituitary-secretes hormones that impact our other endocrine glands
• thyroid-produces thyroxine. stimulates certain chemical reactions important for tissues
• adrenal-stimulated during emergencies.

• epinephrine and norepinephrine
• heart beat and breathing increase
• heighten emotions
• healp generate/release energy

• neurotransmitters-chemicals released next to the cell it is designed to excite or inhibit (nervous system)
• hormones-released into the blood stream to travel

• sir francis galton vs. john watson
• heredity- instincts vs. environment- experiences