Chapter 8 Bio Vocab

in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA

type of protein molecule found in the chromosomes of eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells

material that makes up both mitotic and interphase chromosomes a complex of proteins and DNA strands that are loosely coiled such that translation and transcription can occur

region of the chromosome that holds the two sister chromatids together during mitosis

material that makes up both mitotic and interphase chromosomes' a complex of proteins and DNA strands that are loosely coiled such that translation and transcription can occur

one of the two strands of a chromosome that become visible during meiosis or mitosis

one of the pairs of chromosomes that determines the sex of an individual

any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome

chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes, that have the same structure and that pair during meiosis

a micrograph of the array of chromosomes visible in a cell during metaphase; a graphical display that shows an individual’s chromosomes arranged in homologous pairs and in order of diminishing size

a cell that contains two haploid sets of chromosomes

describes a cell, nucleus or organism that has only one set of unpaired chromosomes

a form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size

in eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes

reproduction that does not involve the union of gametes and in which a single parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to parents

a process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus, which results in the production of sex cells

a haploid reproductive cell that unites with another haploid reproductive cell to form a zygote

a period between two miotic or meitoic divisions during which the cell grows, copies its DNA, and synthesizes proteins

the division of the cytolasma of a cell cytokinesis follows the division of the cells nucleus by mitosis or meiosis

the first stage of mitosis and meiosis in cell division; characterized by the condensation of the chromosomes and the dissolution of the nuclear envelope

one of the microtubles that extend across a dividing eukaryotic cell assists in the movement of chromosomes

one of the stages of mitosis and meiosis during which all the chromosomes move to the cell's equator

a phase of mitosis and meiosis in which the chromosomes separate

the final stage of mitosis or meiosis, during which a nuclear membrane forms around each set of new chromosomes

the precursor of a new plant cell wall that forms during cell division and divides a cell in 2

the pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis

the four chromatids in a pair of homologous chromosomes that come together as a result of synapsis during meiosis

the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis; can result in genetic recombination

the regrouping of genes in an offspring that results in a genetic makeup that is different from that of the parents

the random distribution of the pairs of genes on different chromosomes to the gametes

the process by which male gametes form

the production, growth and maturation of an egg or ovum

short lived product of the formation of gametes by meiosis