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Gingivitis
Inflammation of the gums
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Cheilosis
crack in the lip caused by lack of riboflavin
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Edentulous
an individual who wears complete or partial dentures
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Factors that affect hygienic care include...
- personal preference
- sociocultural factors
- economic
- developmental
- physical or mental disability
- illness or injury
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Usual hygienic schedule in a healthcare facility include...
- early morning, morning, afternoon care, evening care
- will be tailored to fit the patients normal routine
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Assessment factors for a pt's ability to perform personal hygienic care include...
- physical ability
- cognitive ability
- muscle strength
- flexibility
- dexterity
- balance
- coordination
- activity tolerance
- *in assessing hygiene practices, the pt should be asked what is typically done to care for skin, teeth, hair and feet
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Complete Bed Bath
for patients who are totally dependent and require total hygiene care
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Partial Bed Bath
involves bathing only body parts that would cause discomfort or odor if left unbathed
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Tub/ Shower Bath
gives a more thorough bath
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Guidelines for bathing include...
- provide privacy (close door or curtain)
- maintain safety (call light)
- maintain warmth (keep covered, expose only what is being washed)
- promote independence
- anticipate needs (clean clothes or toiletries)
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Pts who need perineal care include...
- those at risk for acquiring and infection (uncircumcised males, rectal/genital sx)
- those with indwelling urinary catheters
- menstruating women
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Purpose of a back rub is...
- to promote relaxation
- relieve muscular tension
- stimulate skin circulation
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Nurses responsibility in oral hygiene is as follows...
- must insure that pt maintains proper oral hygiene bc it promotes a healthy state of gums, teeth, mouth and lips.
- we assist by teaching the importance of oral hygiene and correct technique
- assisting in providing oral care to those pts who are weak or disabled
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Relationship between oral hygiene and nursing interventions include...
- diet- exclude foods that promote plaque formation and tooth decay
- brushing- cleans teeth of food particles, plaque and bacteria
- fluoride use- strengthens enamel
- flossing- removes plaque and tartar from bt teeth
- denture care- to avoid gingival infection and irritation
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Why nurses brush,comb and shampoo hair...
- helps keep it clean
- helps distribute oils along the hair shafts
- prevents tangles
- shampoo removes excess perspiration, blood, or solutions left in hair
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Factors that the nurse can control to create a comfortable environment include...
- temperature 68*-74*
- ventilation- reduce lingering odors
- noise- pts not familiar w noises
- odor- pts not familiar w odors
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Patients who are at risk for hygiene problems include...
- those who suffer from side effects of medication
- those who lack knowledge of proper hygiene
- those with the inability to perform hygiene
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Aspects of hygiene that may be delegated include...
- bathing
- perineal care
- administering a back rub
- nail/foot care of a non-diabetic pt
- brushing teeth (for an unconscious pt u must check gag reflex, inform assistant abt proper position, suction technique and to recognize impaired mucosa)
- caring for eye prosthesis
- bedmaking
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Eye care:
- cleansing of the eyes involves washing w a clean washcloth moistened with water.
- soap may cause irritation
- do not place pressure on the eyeball
- clean from the inner eye toward the outside
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Ear care:
- cleansing the ear with a moistened washcloth which is gently rotated in the ear canal
- when cerumen is visible, gentle downward pressure at the entrance of the ear canal can cause it to come out
- excessive or impacted cerumen can only be removed by irrigation
- hx of perforated eardrum= ears should not be cleaned
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Nasal care:
- the pt usually cares for their own nose by blowing out secretions
- assistance w a wet washcloth or moistened cotton tipped applicator
- excessive nasal secretions can be removed by gentle suctioning
- nasal tubes should have tape changed once a day
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Pts and their families:
- family members can assist w hygienic measures after receiving guidance in adapting techniques to fit the pt
- the families schedule should be matched w the pts schedule
- the pt must be comfortable with the helper
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Bed Positions:
Fowler's
- the head of the bed is raised to 45* or more
- a semi-sitting position, the knee may be raised slightly
- promoted lung expansion, eating etc
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Bed Positions:
Semi-Fowler's
- the head of the bed is raised approx 30*
- knee may be raised
- promotes lung expansion
- used for people w feeding tubes so they dont aspirate
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Bed Positions:
Trendelenburg's
- the entire bed frame is tilted with the head down
- used for postural drainage
- facilitates venous return
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Bed Positions:
Reverse Trendelenburg's
- the entire bed frame is tilted with the foot down
- used with gastric emptying, gastric reflux
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Bed Position:
Flat
used for vertebral injury, hypotension and sleeping
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Bed Notes:
- the pts bed should be kept clean and comfortable
- includes frequent inspections to ensure the linens are clean dry and free of wrinkles
- when changing linens use techniques for medical asepsis
- use proper mechanics should be used when making bed
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