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what is the order for doing a physical exam?
inspect, palpate, percuss, auscultation
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what are the layers of skin?
epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous layer
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what is the epidermis?
outer most later of the skin
derivation of skin color
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what is the dermis?
middle layer of skin
connective or collagen tissue
elastic tissue
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what is the subcutaneous later?
bottom/inner most later of skin
the fat layer
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what are the epidermal appendages?
hair, sebaceous glands, sweat glands (eccrine and apocrine glands), nails
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what are the functions of skin?
protection (elements, chemical, light, heat), penetration, perception, temperature regulation, identification, communication, wound repair, absorption/excretion (sweating), Vit. D production (CHO converted to Vit. D)
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What are some health history questions one can ask about the skin (subjective data)?
history of skin disease (allergies, hives, psoriasis, eczema), change in mole/pigmentation (size, color), excessive dryness/moisture, pruritus (itching), excessive bruising/sores that don't heal, any medications being taken, alopecia (hair loss), change in nails, environment/occupational hazards, self-care behaviors
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what are some physical exam (objective) data?
inspect/palpate, color, freckles, mole (nevus/nevi), birthmark
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what is pallor?
pale, deficient in hemoglobin
red tones of oxygenated hemoglobiruis lost
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what is erythema?
intense redness due to excess blood
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what is cyanosis?
bluish hue, decreased perfusion to tissues
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what is jaundice?
yellow color, rising amounts of bilirubin in blood stream
seen in whites of the eye first
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what is hypothermia?
low body temperature below 94.6 degrees F
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what is hyperthermia?
elevated body temperature about 99.1 degrees F
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what is febrile?
fever (temperature >99.1 degree F)
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what is afebrile?
normal temperature (96.4-99.1 degree F)
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