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Earth is a planet of a dynamic body with many interacting parts.....
Lithosphere, Hydrosphere, Biosphere, Atmosphere
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Atmosphere
oxygen, nitrogen
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How old is earth?
4.56 billion yrs. (4.55 x 109 yrs. 4.55 x 1000000000 yrs)
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Four envelopes of the earth
Lithosphere, Hydrosphere, Biosphere, Atmosphere
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Earth is constantly changing
rapid and violent or gradual
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Scientific Method
General research strategy based on
- Observation
- Experimentation
- Ideas
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Inner planets
Size
Composition
- small
- made up of rocks and metals
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Outer Planets
- Jupiter
- Saturn
- Uranus
- Neptune
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Outer Planets
Size
Composition
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Definition of Ice
Ice refers to the solid, frozen form of a volatile substance such as water and methane.
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Differentiation
How did Earth evolve from a rocky mass to a living planet with continents, oceans, and an atmosphere?
The transformation of a random mix of chunks of matter into a body in which the interior is divided into concentric layers that differ from one another both physically and chemically.
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Differentiation Fact
Differentiation occurred early in Earth's history, when the planet got hot enough to melt.
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Differentiation Begins
Heavy material sank to the interior.
Lighter material floating towards the surface, bringing interior heat to the surface, where it could radiate into space.
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Earth's Crust
- A thin outer layer. It is 5~(40-70) km thick.
- Contains light materials with low melting temperatures. These materials are mostly melted compounds of the Elements
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Earth's Crust
Elements
- Silicon (Si)
- Aluminum (AI)
- Iron (Fe)
- Calcium (Ca)
- Magnesium (Mg)
- Sodium (Na)
- Potassium (K)
- Combined with oxygen
other than iron, are among the lightest of the solid elements.
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Earth's Mantle
- Between the core and the crust is the Mantle.
- A region that is the bulk of the solid Earth (2900km thick)
It consists of rock of intermediate density, mostly compounds of oxygen with magnesium, iron and silicon.
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Earth's Core
Iron, which accounted for about one third of the primitive's planet material, is denser than the other elements and sank to form most of a central CORE.
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