minerals/toxicity

hypertension, edema

muscular weakness, vomiting

normally harmless; can cause vomiting

constipation, increased risk of renal stone formation, impaired absorption of iron and other minerals

low blood calcium

• no toxicity demonstrated from food
• supplemental Mg can cause diarrhea, nausea, cramping
• excessive Mg from magnesium in Epsom salts causes diarrhea

in animals, excessive intake of sulfur-contaning amino acids impairs growth

increased risk of infections, apathy, fatigue, lethargy, joint disease, hair loss, organ damage, enlarged liver, amenorrhea, impotence

anemia, elevated LDL, lowered HDL, diarrhea, vomiting impaired calcium absorption, fever, renal failure, muscle pain, dizziness, reproductive failure.

enlarged thyroid gland, decreased thyroid activity

rare; nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, hair and nail changes, nerve damage, fatigue.

vomiting, diarrhea, liver damage

rare; nervous system disorders

flourosis (mottling of teeth), nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, chest pain, itching.

• dietary toxicity unkown
• occupational exposure to chromium dust damages skin and kidneys.

occupational exposure to molybdenum dust causes gout-like symptoms