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Sodium (Na)
fluid and electrolyte balance, acid-base balance, maitains muscle irritability, regulatescell membrane permeability and nerve impulsetransmission
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Potassium K
fluid and electrolyte balance, acid-base balance, nerve impulse transmission, catalyst for many metabolic reactions, involved in skeletal and cardiac muscle activity
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Chloride Cl
fluid and electrolyte balance, acid-base balance, component of hydrochloric acid in stomach
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Calcium Ca
bone and teeth formation and maintenance, blood clotting, nerve transmission, muscle contraction and relaxation, cell membrane permeability, blood pressure.
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Phosphorus P
bone and teeth formation and maintenance, acid-base balance, energy metabolism, cell membrane structure, regulation of hormone, and coenzyme activity.
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Magnesium Mg
bone formation, nerve transmission, smooth muscle relaxation, protein synthesis, CHO metabolism, enzyme activity
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Sulfur S
component of disulfide bridges in proteins; component of biotin, thiamin, and insulin
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Iron Fe
oxygen transport via hemoglobin and myoglobin; constituent of enzyme systems.
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Zinc
Tissue growth and wound healing, sexual maturation and reproduction; constituent of many enzymes in energy and nucleic acid metabolism; immune function; vitamin A transport, taste perception.
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Iodine
component of thyroid hormones that regukate growth, development, and metabolic rate
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Selenium Se
component of antioxidant enzymes, immune system functioning, thyroid gland activity
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Copper Cu
- used in the production of hemoglobin;
- component of several enzymes; used in energy metabolism
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Manganese Mn
component of enzymes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, protein, and fat, and bone formation
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Flouride Fl
formation and maintenence of tooth enamel, promotes resistance to dental decay, role in bone formation and integrity.
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Chromium Cr
cofactor for insulin
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Molybdenum Mo
component of many enzymes; works with riboflavin to incorporate iron into hemoglobin.
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