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Idea Soil Composition
45% minerals, 50% open pore space, 5% organics
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Horizons
Distinct layers in the soil
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Litter layer
Horizon O- top layer
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Topsoil
Horizon A- second layer
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Has the greatest leach rate
Horizon E
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Zone of accumulation
Horizon B
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Untouched by soil forming process, parent material
Horizon C
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Eluviation
- the removal of inorganic and organic substances from a horizon by leaching occurs in the A horizon. Eluviation is driven by the downward movement of soil
- water.
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Illuviation
Downward moving, especially fine material, is accumulated
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Soil Separates
Sand, silt and clay
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Peds
- A cluster or grouping of sand, silt, clay, organic
- material, biological slimes, and fungal masses.
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Cohesion
Soil sticking to itself
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Adhesion
Soil sticking to to other objects
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