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anesthesia
state of controlled and reversible unconsciouness acheived through use of injectable or inhaled drugs
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analgesia
absence of pain induced by analgesic drug agent
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local anesthesia
loss on sensation in a limited area of the body
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regional anesthesia
loss of sensation in a section of the body
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general anesthesia
complete unconciouness and muscle relaxation that allows surgical manipulation with struggling or pain PERCEPTION by patient
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preanesthesia
period of patient preparation
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induction
period from awake to unconsciousness
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maintenance
period during which an animal is kept unconscious
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recovery
perioud from unconsciousness to awake
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balanced anesthesia
combination of drugs that provide components of anesthesia that include uncosciousness, muscle relaxation and analgesia.
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surgical anesthesia
anesthetic state of plane of anesthesia in which surgery can be perfomed
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dissociative anesthesia
anesthetic state where the animal appears awake but immobile and is unaware
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sedation (traquilization)
state of CNS depression and drowsiness with a reduced awareness of surroundings
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neuroleptanalgesia
state of profound sedation and analgesia
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crystalloids
provides water and electrolytes
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colloids
maintains blood pressure and volume
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maintenance fluid rate
2-4 ml/kg/hr
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surgery fluid rate
5-10/ml/kg/hr
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shock fluid rate
10-20 ml/kg/hr
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mass =
wieght x drug dosage, dosage is mg/kg
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volume =
drug mass/drug concentration concentration is mg/ml
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preanesthetic drug
agent that is administered prior to induction anesthesia
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categories of preanesthetic drugs
- anticholinergics
- tranquilizers/sedatives
- opioids
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anticholinergics
agents that have the ability to block acetylcholine and oppose the actions of the parasympathetic nervous system
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anticholinergic drugs
atropine, glycopyrrolate
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atropine
1-1.5 hours duration, crosses placenta
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glycopyrrolate (Robinul-V)
2-3 hour duration, does not cross placenta
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Traquilizers
agents that reduce anxiety but do not necessarily decrease awareness and wakefulness
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sedatives
agents that cause reduced mental activity and cause sleepiness
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tranquilizers/sedatives
- phenothiazines
- benzodiazepines
- alpha-2 agonists
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phenothiazine drug
acepromazine (Acetylpromazine)
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caution with boxers!
antiemetic
antiarrythmic
sedation
seizures!
fall in blood pressure!
phenothiazine properties
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traquilization
skeletal muscle relaxation
anticonvulsant
poorly metabolized!
benzodiazepines
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diazepam (Valium), midazolam (Versed), zolazepam (component of Telazol)
benzodiazepines
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sedative
analgesic
muscle relaxation
fast onset
reversible!
do not use with other tranq!
vomiting!
young healthy patients only!
Alpha-2 agonist properties
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dexmedetomidine (Dexdomitor), xylazine (Rompun)
alpha-2 agonist drugs
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opioid
synthetic narcotic agent with very potent analgesic action
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narcotics
class of drugs derived from morphine
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3 types of receptors
delta, kappa, mu
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anti-anxiety
analgesia
reversible
farting!
get hooked on it!
sensitive to light!
opioid properties
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butorphanol (Torbutrol and Torbugesic), morphine, hydromorphone
opioid drugs
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catalepsy
muscle rigidity
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catalepsy
amnesia
somatic analgesia
sting IM!
reflex exaggeration
nystagmus
can still swallow
apneustic respiration!
dissociative properties
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nystagmus
side to side movement of eyeballs
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apneustic respiration
patients holds their breath for several seconds at end of inspiration
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cocktail
technique of combining drugs to acheive desired effects and counterate undesirable effects
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ketamine cocktails
ketamine mixed with sed/tranq to increase musc relaxation and smooth recovery
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need to be titrated
irreversible!
safe
crosses placenta
caution with sight hounds!
sloughing!
barbiturate drug propeties
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thiopental (Pentothal)
barbiturate drug
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milk of anesthesia
lipid soluble
repeat boluses safe
no analgesic!
good for sight hounds
propofol (Rapinovet) drug properties
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muscle relaxation
used for induction
repeat boluses OK
no analgesia
etomidate (Amidate) drug properties
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neuroleptanalgesia
opioid + tranquilizer
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endotracheal tubes
breathing tube placed within the lumen of the trachea via the oral cavity
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laryngospasm
reflex closure of laryngeal cartilages upon mechanical irritation
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anatomical dead space
portions of the breathing pathway that contain air but where no gas i being exchanged
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latrogenic trauma
damage of larynx and glottis that may occur from improper handling of ET
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mechanical dead space
space in the ET occupied by gases that are being breathed in and out without change in composition
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