Epidemiology Chapter 3

• 1. Cross-sectional analysis
• 2. Case-control studies
• 3. Incidence of disease
• 4. Assess risk status

Refers to the investigator's access to data

The completeness of the population coverage affects the representativeness of the data

• Vital statistics
• Surveillance
• Reportable disease
• Case registries

Refers to the generalizability of the findings of an epidemiologic study to the population

• 1. Health Insurance programs
• 2. Registries
• 3. Specialized morbidity surveys
• 4. Surveillance programs
• 5. US census
• 6. Vital events

Number of live births during a specified period of time per the resident population during the midpoint of the time period

Number of fetal deaths after 20 weeks or more gestation divided by the number of live births plus fetal deaths after 20 weeks or more gestation during a year

Numbe of live biths reported in an area during a given time interval divided by the number of woman aged 14-44 years in that area.

Number of infant deaths among infants aged 0 to 365 days during a year divided by the number of live births during the same year.

Number of years that a person is expected to live, at any particular year

Number of maternal deaths ascribed to childbirth dvided by the number of live births times 100,00 live births during a year

• 1. Google
• 2. CDC
• 3. MEDLINE
• 4. APHA
• 5. Society for Epidemiologic Research
• 6. WHO

Rapid access to epidemiologic documents and links

Federal government's publications related to infectious and chronic diseases

Site for performing bibliographic searches of health related literature

Epidemiologic Research

American Journal of Epidemiology

Provides data on the occurrence of morbidity and mortality.

Protects personal information contained in health records

Provides data that can be used to define the denominator in rates. Conducted every 10 years.

Collect data of vital events

• Births
• Deaths
• Marriages
• Divorce
• Fetal Deaths

• Signed by- ME or Attending physician
• Local Registrar- Checks certificate for completeness and accuracy sends copy to state registrar
• State registrar- Checks certificate for completeness and accuracy sends copy to NCHS.
• NCHS- Compiles and publishes national mortality rates

• Age
• Sex
• Race
• Place and date of death
• Cause of death

Primary COD may not be clear

• Include live births and fetal deaths
• Used to calcualte birth rates
• Affected by mother's ability to recall events during pregnancy

• 1. Communicable and Infectious Disease
• 2. Non-infectious disease
• 3. Risk factors for chronic disease

Refers to the systematic and continuous gathering of information about the occurrence of diseases and other health phenomenon.

Using health-realted data that precede diagnosis and signal a sufficient probablity of a case or an outbreak to warrant further public health response.

used to monitor state level behavior risk

• AIDS
• STDs
• Rubella
• Tetanus
• Measles
• Plague
• Foodborne Illness

A centrailized database for collection of information about a disease.

• SEER
• NPCR

Number of fetal deaths after 28 weeks gestation divided by the number of live births plus fetal deaths after 28 weeks gestation during a year

Number of late fetal deaths after 28 weeks gestation plus infant deaths within 7 days of birth divided by the number o flive births plus the number of late fetal deaths in a given year.

Death after 20 weeks gestation