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What specialty within medicine most directly deals with the skeletal system?
orthopedics
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List the three types of cartilage.
hyaline, fibrocartilage, & elastic cartilage
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What level of organization are individual bones?
organs
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Why are individual bones considered organs?
consists of all four types of tissue and performs a specific function
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Based on shape, what are bones that are longer than they are wide?
long bones
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Based on shape, what are bones that are about as wide as they are long and important in transferring forces?
short bones
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Based on shape, what are bones that are broad for protection and muscle attachment?
flat bones
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Based on shape, what are bones that are variable in their shape and size?
irregular bones
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What is another term for the shaft of a long bone?
diaphysis
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What is the part of a bone that ossifies separately at the proximal or distal end of a long bone and later unites with the shaft of the bone?
epiphysis
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What is the transitional zone at which the diaphysis and epiphysis of a bone come together?
metaphysis
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What is the smooth, avascular tissue on the surface a bone and taking part in a joint?
articular cartilage
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What is the space within the diaphysis of a bone?
medullary cavity
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What is the dense irregular connective tissue lining the space within the shaft of a bone?
endosteum
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What is the dense irregular connective tissue that covers the outer surface of a bone except the articular surface?
periosteum
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What type of bone cells are stem cells derived from mesenchyme and found within the periosteum and endosteum?
osteoprogenitor
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What type of bone cells are formed from stem cells and produce new bone?
osteoblasts
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What are mature bone cells?
osteocytes
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What type of bone cells dissolve bone matrix?
osteoclasts
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What is bone matrix?
1/3 organic components (ground substance) & 2/3 inorganic substance (calcium)
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What type of bone lies on the outside of an individual bone?
cortical bone
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What type of bone forms a latticework within an individual bone?
cancellous bone
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What is the basic structural and functional unit of cortical bone?
osteon
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What are two synonyms for bone growth?
osteogenesis & ossification
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What type of bone growth occurs in the flat bones of the skull, some facial bones, the mandible, and the central part of the clavicle?
intramembranous ossification
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What type of bone growth occurs in the bones of extremities, vertebrae, and the ends of the clavicles?
endochondral ossification
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What is the anatomical term for "growth plate"?
epiphyseal plate
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Where does a bone increase in length?
epiphyseal plate
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Where does a bone increase in diameter?
periosteum
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What is the continual deposition of a new bone tissue and removal of old bone tissue?
bone remodeling
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