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fuction of connective tissue
framework to support body w/ cartilage and bones
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what is CT composed of (3)
- cells (11)
- fibers (3)
- amorphous ground substance
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types of CT cells (11)
- 1. mesenchymal cells
- 2. fibroblasts cells (also fibrocyte)
- 3. myofibroblast
- 4. reticular cells
- 5. adipocytes (unilocular, multilocular)
- 6. pericytes
- 7. mast cells
- 8. plasma cells
- 9. macrophage
- 10. pigment cells
- 11. leucocytes
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function of mesenchymal cells
reservoir of cells that can differentiate into any other CT cell
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structure of mesenchymal cells
irregulary shaped with multiple processes
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location of mesenchymal cells
adjacent to blood vessels
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what can differentiate into any other CT cell
mesenchymal cells
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what is irregulary shaped w/ multi processes
mesenchymal cells
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whats usually found adjacent to blodo vessels
mesenchymal cells
-
most common CT cell
fibroblast cells
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function of fibroblast cells
synthesis of fibers and intercellular ground substance (wound repair)
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what synthesizes fivers and intercellular ground substance
fibroblats cells
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what are the types of fibroblast cells (3)
- firbroblasts - active
- fibrocyte - adult/resting
- myofibroblasts - has actin filaments
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what is a fibroblast that contains actin filament
myofibroblasts
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structure/function of myofibroblasts (2)
- actin filament
- contraction during wound healing
-
structure/function of reticular cells (2)
- stellate-shaped, spherical nucleus, basophilic cytoplasm
- makes reticular fibers
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what makes reticular fibers
reticular cells
-
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structure of unilocular adipocytes
filled with one big lipid droplet, nucleus on periphery
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what cell type has one big lipid droplet with the nucleus on the periphery
unilocular adipocyte
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what is brown fat
multilocular adipocyte
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structure of multilocular adipocyte
central nucleus, multiple lipid droplets, high [] mitochondria
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whats the main differents in unilocular and multilocular adipocytes (2)
- unilocular has one main lipid while multilocular has several small ones
- unilocular's nucleus is on the side, multilocular has it's in the middle
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location of multilocular adipocytes (2)
- hibernating animal
- young babies
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location of pericytes
adjacent to endothelium lining small blood vessels
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strucutre of pericytes (2)
- elongated cell
- contain actin and myosin
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function of pericytes (2)
- potential to transform into other cells
- participate in healing process
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cell types that deal with defence of the body (3)
- mast cells
- plasma cells
- macrophage
-
location of mast cells
common in loose CT and abundant around blood vessels
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what is found in loose CT and abundant around blood vessels
mast cells
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structure of mast cells
large polymorphic, spherical/ovoid cells, contain lots of secretory granules
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stain of mast cells
toluidine blue - granules=red (metachromic stain)
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function of mast cells
produce heparin (anticoagulant) histamine (vasoconstrictor)
-
what produces heparin and histamine
mast cells
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what CT cells is found in loose CT and around blood vessels
mast cells
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structure of plasma cells
spherical or ovoid celsl w/ spherical eccentric nucleus. chromatin gives nucleus clockface/cartwheel appearance, cytoplasm intensely basophilic
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location of plasma cells (2)
- lymphatic tissues
- lamina propria of the GIT
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origin of plasma cells
develop from B-lymophocytes
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function of plasma cells (3)
- produce antibodies
- neutralize/deactivate antigens
- 1st step in dealing with antigens
-
what cell is the 1st step in dealing with antigens
plasma cells
-
whats CT cells are found in lymphatic tissues and lamina propria of the GIT
plasma cells
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what are phagocytic cells thats derived from monocytes
macrophage
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origin of macrophage
monocytes
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structure of macrophage
large ovoid or spherical cells contain cytoplasmic vacuoles and nuberous lysosomes
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function of macrophage (2)
- phagocytosis or eat antigens thats been deactivated by plasma cells
- 2nd step in dealing with antigens
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what cell contains pigments (melanin)
pigment cells
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what do pigment cells contain
pigment (melanin)
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location of pigment cells (4)
- dermis
- uterine caruncles
- choroid
- iris
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examples of leucocytes (3)
- lymphocytes
- monocytes
- granulocytes (blood cells)
-
function of leucocytes
migrate through the wall of capillaries to connective tissues
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types of CT fibers (3)
- collagen fibers
- reticular fibers
- elastic fibers
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location of collagen fibers (3)
- tendon
- ligament
- organ capsule
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what CT fiber is in tendon, ligament and organ capsule
collagen fibers
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what CT fiber is strong and flexible but inelastic
collagen fibers
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what CT fiber has wavy arrangement
collagen fibers
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stain of collagen fibers
fresh collagen fibers are white, Van Gieson's Method = red, and Mallory's and Masson's Trichrome stain = blue
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what stains red with Van Gieson's Method and blue with Mallory's and Masson's Trichrome stain
collagen fibers
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structure of reticular fibers
delicate, flexible networks, actually individual collagen fibrils coated with proteoglycans and glycoproteins
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what CT fibers are delicate, flexible networks of fibers thats actually individual collagen fibrils coated with proteoglycans and glycoproteins
reticular fibers
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location of reticular fibers (3)
- capillaries
- muscle fibers
- nerves
-
what CT fibers are found around capillaries, in muscle fibers and nerves
reticular fibers
-
stain of reticular fibers (2)
- silver impregnation (argyrophilic or argentaffin fibers)
- PAS reagent
- (will stain fibers black)
-
what do you stain with silver impregnation or PAS reagent and turn black
reticular fibers
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what is present in structures that require elasticity
elastic fibers
-
location of elastic fibers (5)
- aorta
- muscular arteries
- nuchal ligament
- pinna of ear
- lungs
-
composition of elastic fibers
elastin protein, covered by glycoprotein (fibrillin)
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staining of elastic fibers (2)
- H/E=light pink
- orcein and resorcin-fuchsin=light pink (more selective)
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what is amorphous ground substance made up of (2)
- (GAGs) glycosaminoglycans
- proteoglycans
-
what are the major types of glycosaminoglycans (4)
- hyaluronic acid
- chondrotin sulphate
- dermatin sulphate
- keratin sulphate
- heparin sulphate
-
how are proteoglycans formed
by covalently linking GAGs to a protein core
-
what GAG is in vitreous body of the eye and in synovial fluid
hyaluronic acid
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what GAG is in cartilage, bone and large blood velssels
chondroitin sulphate
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what GAG is intendons and ligaments
dermatin sulphate
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what GAGT is in cartilage and bones
keratin sulphate
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what GAG is in arteries and lungs
heparin sulphate
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location of hyaluronic acid
vitreous body of eye and in synovial fluid
-
location of chondrotin sulphate
cartilage, bone and large blood vessels
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location of dermatin sulphate
tendons and ligaments
-
location of keratin sulphate
cartilage and bones
-
location of heparin sulphate
arteries and lungs
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