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Weathering
Break down of rocks into sediment.
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Erosion
The transsportation of sediments by wind, water, gravity, or glaciers.
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Physical Weathering
Rocks are broken down but don't chane composition.
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Chemical Weathering
The rocks composition is changed after being broken down.
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Frost Action
When water seeps into cracks, freezes and expands it, then melts leaving a bigger hole than before.
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Root Action
Plant grows in the crack of something and grows, making it expand.
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Abrasion
Constant hitting and rubbing of other rocks
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Oxidation
Rusting when meatl and oxygen unite.
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Carbonation
When CO2 mixes with rain and erodes the rocks.
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Deposition
Strema, wind, or a glacier slows down and the sediment deposited is dropped.
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Things that affect deposition
- Size - Bigger = Faster settle
- Shape - Rounder = faster settle
- Density - More dense sediment = Faster Settle
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The faster the stream is moving...
The larger sediment it can carry
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vertical Sorting
When Sediments are sorted by settling as the stream or wind gets slower. Like pebbles sinking first, all the way until clay.When the ocean rises, the rocks will deposit and stack up in a different order, to make a vertical block of different sediments.
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Horizontal Sorting
When the biggest, roundest, most dense things settle first.
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GLACIERS DO NOT SORT THE SEDIMENTS!!!!!
Remember forever!!
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Streams both erode and deposit sediments. They are thje biggest eroders on Earth. The ability of a stream to eroded things is determined by...
Amount of water, volume, slope, and location.
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The inside curve is
deposition because the stream is slowing down to make the curve and the sediments are deposited.
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The outside curve is
erode the outside as it smases into the curve because it isn't slowing down very much.
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Sediment deposits at the end of a stream forming a ____
Delta
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An older stream becomes _______ and begins to ____. Therfore, an old stream has _______
An older stream becomes flatter and begins to meander (wander). Therfore, an old stream has many twists and turns
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Oxbow lakes are hairpin turns in a stream that get clipped off due to erosion
Yep
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Porosity
Percent of open space in the ground. Space between dirt particles. The higher the porosity, the more open space there is.
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Porosity depends on...
- Shape- round = high porosity because don't pack together tightly.
- Packing- Particles packed tightly prevent open space for things to get through.
- Sorting- Same size materials = high porosity
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Permeability
The ability of water to move through the ground.
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Bigger pore spaces allow ________.
water to travel through quickly.
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Infiltration
Water entering the ground
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What causes infiltration?
- Slope- high slope = run off which means less water getting into the ground
- Degree of Saturation- If water is already filling that space, then water can't infiltrate.
- Depth of Water Table- If the water table is high, rain water will flood and npt infiltrate fast enough.
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Water Table
Where the aerated soil is seperated from the saturated soil. When it comes above the ground, a body of water will form.
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Capillarity
Water moving upward from attraction of water molecules.
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Homesites want
- Low water table
- Permeable and porous soil
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Athletic fields, farms, etc., want
High porosity and permeability on top, low on bottom.
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Land fills want
Low porostiy and permeablilty to prevent the gross things from seeping into the soil
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Relief
Change in elevation. High = lots of change
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Mountains have
High relief and elevations, distorted rocks.
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Plateau
Low reief and high elevation, horizontal sorting
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Plains
Low relief and elevationm horizontal sorting.
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Dry areas are very
Angular
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Moist and humid areas are very
round
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Warm and humid means
Chemical weathering
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Cold and moist climates produce lots of
phsical weathering.
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Soil takes a long time to develop. It is from broken up rocks. Top soil is very rich in nutrients. Soils can be transported or be formed in one area (reesidual). Soil horizons develop
I understand my soil
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Glaciers
Form from excess snowfall and lack of summer melting.
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Last ice age was
12,000 years ago
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Glaciers are ____ thick
1 mile
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Glaciers coincide with sea level
Uh huh
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Glaciers show evidence of
ancient atmosphere by trapping air bubbles and dust and pollen.
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Rivers form __ shaped valleys and glaciers form __ shaped valleys
Rivers form V shaped valleys and glaciers form U shaped valleys
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Moraine
Pile formed from the edge of a glacier. A terminal moraine is when it is the furthest point like Long Island.
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Outwash Plains
Sediment deposited from melt water in front of glacier.
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