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abdominocentesis
the surgical puncture of the abdominal cavity to remove fluid
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acronym
a word formed from the intitial letter of the major parts of a compound term
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acute
a condition has a rapid onset, a severe course, and a relatively short duration
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angiography
the process of producing a radiographic (x-ray) study of the blood vessels after the injection to make these blood vessels visible
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appendectomy
surgical removal of the appendix
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arteriosclerosis
the abnormal hardening of the walls of an artery or arteries
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arthralgia
pain in a joint or joints
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colostomy
a surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surface
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cyanosis
a blue discoloration of the skin caused by a lack of adequate oxygen in the blood
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dermatologist
a physician who speciallizes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the skin
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diagnosis
the identification of a disease
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diarrhea
the frequent flow of loose or watery stools
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edema
swelling caused by excess fluid in the body
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endarterial
pertaining to the interior or lining of an artery
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eponym
a disease, structure, operation, or procedure named for the person who discovered or described it first
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erythrocyte
mature red blood cells
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fissure
a groove or crack-like sore of the skin
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fistula
an abnormal passage, usually between 2 internal organs, or leading from an organ to the surface of the body
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gastritis
inflammation of the stomach
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gastroenteritis
inflammation of the stomach and small intestine
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gastrosis
any disease of the stomach
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hemorrhage
the loss of a large amount of blood in a short time
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hepatomegaly
abnormal enlargement of the liver
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hypertension
higher than normal blood pressure
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hypotension
lower than normal blood pressure
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infection
the invasion of the body by a pathogenic organism
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interstitial
between but not within the parts of a tissue
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intramuscular
within the muscle
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lesion
a pathologic change of the tissues due to disease or injury
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mycosis
any abnormal condition or disease caused by a fungus
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myopathy
any pathologic change or diseasse of muscle tissue
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neonatology
the study of disorders of the newborn
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palpitation
a pounding or racing heart
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phalanges
more than one finger or toe bones
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poliomyelitis
a viral infection of the gray matter of the spinal cord
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prognosis
prediction of the probable course and outcome of a disorder
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prostate
the male gland that lies under the bladder and surrounds the urethra
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pyoderma
any acute, inflammatory, pus- forming bacterial skin infection, such as impetigo
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pyrosis
heartburn
discomfort due to the regurgitation of stomach acid upward into the esophagus
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remission
the temporary, partial, or complete disappearance of the symptoms of a disease without having achieved a cure
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supination
the act of rotating the arm so that the palm of the hand is forward or upward
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suppuration
the formation or discharge of pus
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supracostal
above or outside the ribs
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symptom
subjective evidence of a disease
(evaluated or measured by the patient)
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syndrome
a set of signs and symptoms that occur together as part of a specific disease process
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tonsillitis
inflammation of the tonsils
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trauma
wound or injury
(such as in accident, shooting, ect.)
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triage
the medical screening of patients to determine their relative priority of need and proper place of treatment
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viral
pertaining to a virus
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laceration
a torn or jagged wound or an accidental cut wound
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gastralgia
pain in the stomach
(stomach ache)
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myelopathy
any pathologic change or disease in the spinal cord
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otorhinolaryngology
study of the ears, nose, and throat
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sign
objective evidence of a disease
(can be measured or evaluated by patient or others)
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inflammation
a localized response to an injury or destruction of tissues
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neuritis
inflammation of a nerve or nerves
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palpation
an examination technique in which the examiner's hands are used to feel the texture size, consistency, and location of certain body parts.
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myorrhexis
tupture of a mucle
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yellow bone marrow
bone tissue that functions as a fat-storage area and is located in the medullary cavity
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foramen
the opening in a bone through which the blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass
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arthroplasty
the surgical repair or replacement of a damaged joint
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gouty arthritis
form of arthritis which is characterized by the deposits of uric acid in the joints
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chondroplasty
a surgical repair of cartilage
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ultrasonic bone density testing
test for osteoporosis
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primary bone cancer
a relatively rare malignant tumor that originates in a bone
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closed reduction
the attempted realignment of the bone involved in a fracture or joint dislocation
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cardiorrhexis
rupture of the heart
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arterionecrosis
the tissue death of an artery or arterries
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hepatorrhagia
bleeding from the liver
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perinatal
the times and events surrounding birth
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ilium
part of the hip bone
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atresia
congenital absence of a normal opening or the filure of a structure
(ex. anus, to be tubular)
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genome
the complete set of an individual's genetic information
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abdominal cavity
contains the major organs of digestion
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adenectomy
the surgical removal of a gland
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adenocarcinoma
a malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue
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adenomalacia
abnormal softening of a gland
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adenosclerosis
abnormal hardening of a gland
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anaplasia
a change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other
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anatomy
the study of body structures
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anomaly
a deviation from normal
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aplasia
defective development, or the congenital absence, of an organ or tissue
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chromosomes
the genetic structures in the cell nucleus made up of DNA.
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communicable disease
any condition that is transmitted from one person to another either by direct or indirect contact with contaminated objects
contagious
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congenital disorder
an abnormal condition that exists at birth
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cytoplasm
material within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus
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cytology
the study of the formation, structure,and function of cells
(chromosomes, DNA, genetics)
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distal
situated farthest from midline or beginning of a body structure
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dorsal
the back of an organ or body
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endemic
the ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group, or area
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endocrine glands
secrete hormones directly into the blood do not have ducts
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epidemic
a sudden widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area
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epigastric region
located above the stomach
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etiology
the study of the causes of diseases
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exocrine glands
they secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to oter organs or out of the body
(EX. sweat glands)
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glands
specialized cells that secrete material used elsewhere in the body
(exocrine glands and endocrine glands)
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genetic disorder
a pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene
(ex. cystic fibrosis, down syndrome)
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hemophilia
genetic blood disorder where blood doesn't clot
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hyperplasia
many cells
enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues
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hypertrophy
1 large cell
a general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in size, but not number, of cells in the tissue
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hypoplasia
the incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells
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iatrogenic illness
an unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment
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idiopathic disorder
an illness without known cause
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infectious disease
an illness caused by living patho genic organisms such as bacteria and viruses
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pathology
the study of structural and functional changes caused by disease
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peritoneum
a multilayered membrane that protects and holds organs in place within the abdominal cavity
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peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum
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proximal
situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure
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retroperitoneal
located behind the peritoneum
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stem cells
unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division
can be transformed into cells with special functions
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thoracic cavity
- above the diaphragm
- chest cavity
- surrounds and protects the heart and lungs
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umbilicus
the navel or belly button
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vector-borne transmission
the spread of certain disease due to the bite of a vector
(insects or animals)
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ventral
the front, or belly side, of an organ or body
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bloodborne transmission
the spread of disease through contact with blood or other body fluids that are contaminated by blood
(ex. HIV, hepatitis b)
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functional disorder
produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified
(ex. panic attack)
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physiology
the study of the functions of the structures of the body
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histology
study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues
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pandemic
an outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area, even worldwide
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dysplasia
abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs
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geriatrician
a dr. who treats the elderly
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medial
the direction toward, or nearer, the midline
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mesentery
a fused double layer of parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall
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adenoma
a benign tumor that arises in, or resembles, glandular tissue
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midsaggital plane
the plane that divides the body into equal right and left sides
the midline
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hypogastri region
below the stumach or umbillical
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caudal
toward the lower part of the body
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transverse plane
a horizontal plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts
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pelvic cavity
the space formed by the hip bones, containing organs of reproductive and excretory systems
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posterrior
the back side of an organ or situated in the back
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nosocomial infection
a disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting
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homeostasis
the processes through which the body maintains a constant internal environment
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phenylketonuria
(PKU)
a genetic disorder in which the essential enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing
(PKU)
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allogenic
originating within another
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ankylosing spondylitis
a form of rheumatoid arthritis that causes inflammation between the vertebrae
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arthodesis
the surgical fusion of 2 bones to stiffen a joint
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arthroscopy
the visual examination of the internal structure of a joint
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chondroma
a slow-growing benign tumor derived from cartilage cells
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chondromalacia
abnormal softening of cartilage
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compression fracture
(vertibral crush fracture)
when bone is pressesd together on itself
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craniostenosis
a malformation of the skull due to the premature closure of the cranial sutures
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crepitation
the grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move togrther
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duel x-ray absorptiometry
a low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density
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hallux valgus
an abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe
(a bunion)
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hemarthrosis
blood within a joint
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internal fixation
a fracture treatment in which a plate or pins are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place
not removed
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juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
an autoimmune disorder that affects children aged 16 or less
symptoms: stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, slow growth, and fatigue
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laminectomy
the surgical removal of a lamina
(posterior portion of a vertebra)
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lordosis
abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine
(sway back)
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lumbago
pain of the lumbar region of the spine
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malleolus
the rounded bony protuberance on each side of the ankle
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metacarpals
the 5 bones that form the palms of the hand
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metatarsals
the part of the foot to which the toes are attached
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myeloma
a type of cancer that occurs in blood-making cells found in red bone marrow
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open fracture
one in which the bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin.
a compound fracture
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orthotic
a mechanical appliance, such as a leg brace or splint, especially designed to control, correct, or compensate for impaired limp function
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osteitis
inflammation of bone
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osteoarthritis
associated with aging
"wear and tear"
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osteochondroma
a benign bony projection covered with cartilage
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osteoclasis
the surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity
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osteomalaycia
abnormal softening of bones in adults
(adult rickets)
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osteonecrosis
the death of bone tissue due to lack of insufficient blood supply
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osteopenia
thinner than average bone density in a young person
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osteoporosis
a marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity, usually associated with aging
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osteoporotic hip fracture
caused by weakening of the bones due to osteoporosis, can occur spontaneously or from a fall
broken hip
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paget's disease
a bone disease of unknown cause
excessive breakdown of bone tissue and abnormal bone formation
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pathologic fracture
a weakened bone breaks under normal strain
(because of osteoporosis or cancer)
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percutaneous vertebroplasty
- treats osteoporosis-related compression fractures
- use of bone cement
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periostitis
inflammation of the periosteum
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prosthesis
a substitute for a diseased or missing body part
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rheumatoid arthritis
a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some other organs are attacked
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rickets
- deficiency disease in children
- defective bone growth due to vitamin d deficiency
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scoliosis
abnormal lateral curvuture of the spine
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spiral fracture
when the bone has been twisted apart
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spondylolisthesis
the forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebra or sacrum below it
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spondylosis
a degenerative disorder that can cause a loss of normal spinal structure and function
-
synovectomy
the surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint
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vertebrae
the bony structure units of the spinal column
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arthrolysis
the surgical loosening of an anklosed joint
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costochondritis
inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum
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autologous
originating within an individual
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spina bifida
a congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy when spinal cord fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it
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orthopedic surgeon
specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscules
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comminuted fracture
the bone is splintered or crushed
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subluxation
partial displacement of a bone from its joint
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fibrous displacia
a bone disorder of unknown cause that destroys normal bone structure and replaces it with fibrous tissue
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kyphosis
adnormal icrease in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as seen from the side
(humpback)
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osteomyelitis
an inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone
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osteorrhaphy
surgical suturing, or wiring together of bones
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acetabulum
the hip socket
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manubrium
the bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum
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hemopoietic
pertains to the formation of blood cells
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