Fluid & electrolytes

controls and regulates volume of body fluids

associated with excess fluid in bloodstream

primary regulator of extracellular fluid

chief regulator of cellular enzyme activity and H20 content

nerve impulse, blood clotting, muscle contraction, b12 absorption

metabolism of carbs & proteins, vital actions involving enzymes

maintains osmotic pressure in blood, produces hydrochloric acid (important to maintain pH in GI system...its acidic above waist, and alkaline below waist)

body's primary buffer system

involved in important chemical reactions in body, cell division, and hereditary traits.

fluid within cells (70%)

fluid outside of cells (30%)

-includes intravascular and interstitial fluids and transcellular
-"third spacing": loss of ECF into a space tah does not contribute to equilibrium

What is the most sensitive indicator of body fluid balance?

pressure exerted on walls of blood vessels

pressure exerted by protein in the plasma

movement of fluid from area of lower solute concentration to area of higher solute concentration

movement of molecules and ions from area of higher concentration to area of lower concentration

Total body fluid in normal adult

-infant has considerable more body fulid and ECF than adult
-gender, amt of fat cells affect body water. Women and obese people have LESS body water.

SAME concentration of particles as plasma

solutions can be used to replace ECF losses and expand vascular volume

fluids include: NS/Lactated Ringers/D5W

only solution that can be used to administer blood products

LESSER concentration of particles than plasma

water gets pulled out of vessels into the cells

Contraindicated in acute brain injuries

Fluids include: 0.45%NS (1/2 NS) and 0.33%NS (1/3 NS)

GREATER concentration of particles than plasma

water is pulled from the cells into the vessels

used to treat variety of specific problems and must be administered carefully

Fluids include: > 0.9% NS (3%NS, 5%NS)/D10W/D50W

at LEAST D10W

FRIED:
F-fever
R-restlessness
I-increased BP and increased fluids
E-edema
D-dry mucosa and decreased urine output

MODEL:
m-medications
o-osmotic diuretics
d-diabetes insipidus
e-excessive water loss
l-low water intake

greater than 145 mEq/L

less than 135 mEq/L

sodium excess

sodium deficit