Spanish Civilization

minaret of a mosque

Arab dynasty that defeated the Almoravids, who reigned in North Africa and Andalusia from 1147 to 1212

Arab dynasty that conquered Fez, Morocco, and Southern Spain from 1055 to 1147

a non-Arab ethnic group from North Africa

caliphate, territory governed by an Arab prince or chief called a caliph

medieval epic poems

emirate, territory governed by an emir, an Arab prince or chief

third-estate, the common people

Spanish-Visigoths

Mohammed (founder of Islam)

region of Spain (corresponding to present-day Catalonia) that was conquered by the Franks at the beginning of the ninth century

clerical verse

minstrel verses

Spanish Christians who lived among the Moors

Moslems who remained in Spain after the Reconquest

Spaniards who accepted the Muslim faith

Arab dynasty that ruled over Granada from the thirteenth to the fifteenth centuries

Ommiad, Arab dynasty that reigned in Damascus from 661 to 750 A.B.

troubadour poetry

Reconquest, the period from 718 to 1492 during which the Spanish fought the Moorish invaders

Moorish kingdoms created in Spain after the end of the caliphate of Cordova in 1031

system of land distribution during the Reconquest under which a person had the right to take land and work it.