-
Normal levels of potassium (K+)?
3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L
-
Normal levels of sodium (Na+)?
136 - 145 mEq/L
-
Normal levels of calcium (Ca+)?
9.0 - 10.5 mg/dL
-
Normal levels of chloride (Cl-)?
98 - 106 mEq/L
-
Normal levels of magnesium (Mg++)?
1.3 - 2.1 mEq/L
-
Normal levels of phosphorus (P)?
3.0 - 4.5 mg/dL
-
Normal levels of bicarbonate (HCO3-)?
21 - 28 mEq/L
-
What percentage of the average person's body weight is consisted of water?
60% of weight
-
Of the 60% of total body weight consisted of water, what is the 20%/40% breakdown?
- 20% - extracellular
- 40% - intracellular
-
1 L of water represents what body weight?
1 kg or 2.2 lbs
-
What is the interstitial space?
- Fluid outside the vessels land cells
- Should not contain protein
- EDEMA buildup is here
-
What is the intravascular space?
- The fluid in vessels; in the blood (aka plasma)
- Protein should be in plasma
-
A decreased protein level in the intravascular space can result in what?
Fluid leaks
-
What is the transcellular space?
- ECF elsewhere in the body
- - intraocular fluid
- - synovial fluid
- - CSF... etc
-
What fluid is being tested when we take "labs"? Where do we take it from?
Extracellular fluid, taken from blood
-
Main functions of sodium?
- Maintains fluid balance
- Action potentials
- Maintains acid-base balance
- Maintains electroneutrality
- *Majority of Na+ is outside the cell, in the blood
-
Main functions of potassium?
- Regulates intracellular osmolarity
- Maintains electrical membrane excitability
- Maintains plasma acid-base balance
-
Main function of calcium?
- Plays a role in coagulation
- Adds strength and density to bones and teeth
- Essential to cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle contraction
-
Main functions of chloride?
- Maintains plasma acid-base balance
- Maintains plasma electroneutrality
- Forms hydrochloric acid (stomach)
-
Main functions of magnesium?
- Neuromuscular transmission
- *Test reflexes
- - increased Mg, decreased reflexes
- - decreased Mg, increased reflexes
-
Relationship of phosphorus to calcium?
Inverse. Levels will be opposite.
-
When we talk about "fluid movement", where is it moving between?
Between the interstitial and intravascular fluid
-
What is hydrostatic pressure?
- "Water-pushing" pressure
- Influenced by BP and blood volume
- Pushes fluid out of capillaries and into interstitial space
-
Fluid from the capillaries moves into the interstital space... what occurs?
Edema
-
What is colloidal osmotic pressure?
- Pressure from proteins in the plasma
- Draws fluid from the interstitial fluid back into the capillary
-
What is osmolality?
- Concentration
- # of particles in a fluid determines its osmolality
- Concentrated - High osmolality
- Dilute - low osmolality
|
|
