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Flagellants
people who beat themselves as punishment for their sins
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Indulgences
- payments made to the Pope or church in order to reduce time in pergatory
- good for the rich, bad for the poor
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Classical Education
Education based on rhetoric, grammar, poetry, history, Latin and Greek
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Sects
small groups of believers in Martin Luther's ideas
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Jesuits
- Group of people who taught people (especially children) the bible and about the church in means of fighting the Protestent Reformation
- Jesuit order founded by Ignatius de Layola, ran them like a military organization
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Sovereign Power
King's claiming sole authority throughout their realm
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Calvinism
- Strict religion under John Calvin
- no dancing, showy dress, etc modest with no fun
- belief that when people were born they were pre-destined for heaven or hell and there was no changing your fate
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Standard of Living
- the good way of living and as the standard of living rose the prices of basic things went down
- the average level of goods and luxuries available in society based on wealth
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Renaissance
Rebirth of learning in Europe, large interest in Latin and Greek
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Black Death
Also known as the plague, killed 25-50% of Europe's population killed large part of Asia
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Machiavelli
- philosopher that wrote the Prince- book for monarchs to help lead
- argued that power and ruthlessness were more important than idealism
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Michaelangelo
- greatest and most famous artist of the Rennaisannce
- focused on human body religously based
- major patron was the Pope
- painted the vatican and sistine chapel
- created david
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What is David?
Michaelangelo's statue with perfect human form
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Leonardo DaVinci
- The ideal Renaissance Man
- Sketcher, painter, architect, inventor
- one human sketch became the model for the medical world
- sketched inventions: helecopter, submarine
- most famous piece: Mona Lisa- bc her eyes follow you
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Raphael
- Painted the "Cast Man"
- Painted Madonnas: perfect mother raising a child
- Avoided excessive details
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Shakespeare
- Playwrite for Elizabeth in the Golden Age
- wrote about average people, focused on morals and daily life
- paid by royal family to write as much as he could
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Johannes Gutenburg
- created first moving printing press
- began printing all kinds of ideas for all Europe- so many people introduced to new thoughts
- most famous work is Gutenburg bible in common language (only 3 remaining)
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Martin Luther
- a monk, priest- regional leader of church
- in germany, he was upset with the pope allowing indulgences
- people in his parish began to demand he give them a way to decrease time in purgatory
- Sent the Pope letters telling him to stop- ignored
- eventually posted 95 complaints on pope's church door- risky bc he could've been charged with Heresy
- more people read his list and realized that it was true and word spread, more people went to his church and protested the pope
- started protestant relgion
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John Calvin
- Studied Lutheranism
- believed in predestination and modesty
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Ignatious de Layola
- a soldier and noble
- formed a new organization of Jesuits in the church, against protestants, needs more Catholics in the church
- formed the Jesuit order- focused on obidience to the church and helping children- teaching catholicism
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Henry VIII
- Killed wives and children because he was unable to have sons and blamed them
- Wanted to divorce his wife but catholic church said no
- so he created his own religion, protestantism which allowed him to
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Successors of the "prophet"
Caliphs
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Male clan leaders in Arabian Society
Sheikhs
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Muhammad's first convert and first Caliph
Abu Bakhar
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Mamluk's (military slaves) country of origin
Turkey
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One who rules by power of the sword
Sultan
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Devotion to the Islamic Religion
Sufism
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Turkish Military Slave
Mamluk
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