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consciousness
a state of awareness of internal events and the external environment
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nonconscious
not typically available to consciousness or memory
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preconscious memory
memory that is not currently conscious but that can easily be called into consciousness when necessary
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circadian rhythm
a consistent pattern of cyclical body activities, usually lasting 24 to 25 hours and determined by an internal biological clock
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rapid eye movements (REM)
a behavioral sign of the phase of sleep during which the sleeper is likely to be experiencing dreamlike mental activity
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non-REM (NREM) sleep
the period during which a sleeper does not show rapid eye movement; characterized by less dream activity than during REM sleep
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insomnia
the chronic inability to sleep normally; symptoms include difficulty in falling asleep, frequent waking, inability to return to sleep, and early morning awakening.
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narcolepsy
a sleep disorder characterized by an irresistible compulsion to sleep during the daytime
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sleep apnea
a sleep disorder of the upper respiratory system that causes the person to stop breathing while asleep
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somnambulism
a disorder that causes sleepers to leave their beds and wander while still remaining asleep; also known as sleepwalking.
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nightmare
a frightening dream that usually wakes up the sleeper
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sleep terrors
episodes in which sleepers wake up suddenly in an extreme state of arousal and panic
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latent content
In Freudians dream analysis, the hidden meaning of a dream
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manifest content
in freudian dream analysis, the process by which the internal censor transforms teh latent content of a dream into manifest content
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dream work
in freudian dream analysis, the process by which the internal censor transforms the latent content of a dream into manifest content
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lucid dreaming
the theory that conscious awareness of dreaming is a learnable skill that enable dreamers to control the direction and content of their dreams.
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hypnosis
an altered state of awareness characterized by deep relaxation, susceptibility to suggestions, and changes in perception, memory, motivation and self control
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hypnotizability
the degree to which an individual is responsive to standardized hypnotic suggestion
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meditation
a form of conciousness alteration deigned to enhance self knowledge and well being through reduced self awareness
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psychoactive drug
chemical that affects mental processes and behavior by temporarily changing conscious awareness of reality
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tolerance
a situation that occurs with continued use of a drug in which an individual requires greater doses to achieve the same effect
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physiological dependance
the process by which the body becomes adjusted to or dependent on a drug
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addiction
a condition in which the body requires a drug in order to function without physical and psychological reactions to its absence; often the outcome of tolerance and dependence
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psychological dependence
the psychological need or craving for a drug
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hallucinogen
drug that alters cognitions and perception and causes hallucinations
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hallucination
fake perception that occurs in the absence of objective stimulation
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depressant
drug that depresses or slows down the activity of the central nervous system
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stimulant
drug that causes arousal, increased activity and euphoria
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