psychology chapter 5

  1. consciousness
    a state of awareness of internal events and the external environment
  2. nonconscious
    not typically available to consciousness or memory
  3. preconscious memory
    memory that is not currently conscious but that can easily be called into consciousness when necessary
  4. circadian rhythm
    a consistent pattern of cyclical body activities, usually lasting 24 to 25 hours and determined by an internal biological clock
  5. rapid eye movements (REM)
    a behavioral sign of the phase of sleep during which the sleeper is likely to be experiencing dreamlike mental activity
  6. non-REM (NREM) sleep
    the period during which a sleeper does not show rapid eye movement; characterized by less dream activity than during REM sleep
  7. insomnia
    the chronic inability to sleep normally; symptoms include difficulty in falling asleep, frequent waking, inability to return to sleep, and early morning awakening.
  8. narcolepsy
    a sleep disorder characterized by an irresistible compulsion to sleep during the daytime
  9. sleep apnea
    a sleep disorder of the upper respiratory system that causes the person to stop breathing while asleep
  10. somnambulism
    a disorder that causes sleepers to leave their beds and wander while still remaining asleep; also known as sleepwalking.
  11. nightmare
    a frightening dream that usually wakes up the sleeper
  12. sleep terrors
    episodes in which sleepers wake up suddenly in an extreme state of arousal and panic
  13. latent content
    In Freudians dream analysis, the hidden meaning of a dream
  14. manifest content
    in freudian dream analysis, the process by which the internal censor transforms teh latent content of a dream into manifest content
  15. dream work
    in freudian dream analysis, the process by which the internal censor transforms the latent content of a dream into manifest content
  16. lucid dreaming
    the theory that conscious awareness of dreaming is a learnable skill that enable dreamers to control the direction and content of their dreams.
  17. hypnosis
    an altered state of awareness characterized by deep relaxation, susceptibility to suggestions, and changes in perception, memory, motivation and self control
  18. hypnotizability
    the degree to which an individual is responsive to standardized hypnotic suggestion
  19. meditation
    a form of conciousness alteration deigned to enhance self knowledge and well being through reduced self awareness
  20. psychoactive drug
    chemical that affects mental processes and behavior by temporarily changing conscious awareness of reality
  21. tolerance
    a situation that occurs with continued use of a drug in which an individual requires greater doses to achieve the same effect
  22. physiological dependance
    the process by which the body becomes adjusted to or dependent on a drug
  23. addiction
    a condition in which the body requires a drug in order to function without physical and psychological reactions to its absence; often the outcome of tolerance and dependence
  24. psychological dependence
    the psychological need or craving for a drug
  25. hallucinogen
    drug that alters cognitions and perception and causes hallucinations
  26. hallucination
    fake perception that occurs in the absence of objective stimulation
  27. depressant
    drug that depresses or slows down the activity of the central nervous system
  28. stimulant
    drug that causes arousal, increased activity and euphoria
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psychology chapter 5
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psychology vocabulary chapter 5
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