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what does perodontium mean
around the tooth
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what does the periodontium consist of
- gingiva
- periodontal ligament
- cementum
- alveolar bone
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The attachment apparatus attaches what to what
root to tooth socket
-
space between tooth and gingiva
gingival crevice
-
coronal to the gingival crevice
gingival margin
-
lateral to the gingival crevice
tooth and epithelium
-
apical to the gingival crevice
coronal junctional epithelium
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bathes the crevice of the gingival crevice
gingival cervicular fluid
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what minerals are in the GCF
- calcium
- sodium
- potassium
- phosphorous
-
where does GFC origionate from
blood vessels in the connective tissue
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The flow of GCF is dependent upon what?
the health of the tissue
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coronal to attached gingiva
free gingival groove
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apical to attached gingiva
MGJ
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Is stippling present on attached gingiva
Yes only on 40% of adults and not on children ages 5 and under
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extension of free gingiva
interdental papillae
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does a diaststema have an interdental papillae?
No
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Coronal to the alveolar mucosa
MGJ
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is the alveolar mucosa keratinized?
no
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why is the alveolar mucoa movable
elastic fibers
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What are the three types of oral mucosa?
- masticatory
- lining
- specialized
-
what does masticatory mucosa consist of?
- gingiva (free, attached, and interdental)
- hard palate
-
what does lining mucosa consist of
- alveolar mucosa
- frenum attachments
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what does specialized mucosa consist of?
dorsum of tongue-three layers of papillae
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componenets of gingiva
- stratified squamous epithelium
- connective tissue
-
another name for connective tissue
lamina propria
-
is stratified squamous epithelium vascular or avascular
avascular-no nerves
-
is connective tissue vascular or avascular
vascular-nerves
-
three types of gingival epithelium
- oral epithelium
- sulcular epithelium
- junctional epithelium
-
protein involved in forming hair, skin, and fingernails
keratin
-
process by which epithelial cells differentiate or mature
keratinization
-
time for cell renewal
turnover
-
epithelial ridges are also known as
rete pegs
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gives the stippled appearance
rete pegs or epithelial ridges
-
layers of stratified squamous epithelium
- basal layer (inner most layer)
- spinous cell layer
- granular cell layer
- keratinized/cornified cell layer (superficial cell layer)
-
stratified squamous epithelium can be (3)
- orthokeratinized
- nonkeratinized
- parakeratinized
-
on skin, some masticatory mucosa/all 4 cell layers
orthokeratinized
-
basal and pricle (spinous)
nonkartinized
-
mouth; masticatory mucosa
basal, prickle, granular, keratinized
parakeratinizd
-
5 cells found in oral (outer) epithelium
- keratinocytes
- melanocytes
- langerhans
- merkel
- WBC
-
cells for protection and color
keratinocytes
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cells for pigmentation in basal cell layer
melanocytes
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cells for early defense in stratum spinosa
langerhans
-
cells for sensory in basal cell layer
merkel
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lymphocytes and neutrophils
WBC
-
lines the sulcus
sulcular epithelium
-
characteristics os sulcular epithelium (3)
- resistant to fluids/mechanical forces
- thin, little keratinization
- has epithelial ridges
-
coronal to the sulcular epithelium
crest of gingival margin
-
apical to the sulcular epithelium
coronal junctional epithelium
-
characteristics of junctional epithelium
- thin, non-keratinized
- wide intercellular spaces
- neutrophils
-
forms a seal at cervical portion of enamel
junctional epithelium
-
coronal to the junctional epithelium
CEJ (in health)
-
Lateral to the junctional epithelium
tooth/lamina propria
-
renewal of junctional epithelium
4-7 days
-
renewal of gingiva
10-12 days
-
renewal of palate, tongue, cheek
5-6 days
-
connective tissue (lamina propria) layers (2)
- papillary layer
- reticular layer
-
connective tissue is 60% what?
collagen fibers
-
provides mechanical support and nutrients for avvascular epithelium
connective tissue
-
immediately beneath epithelium; projections between rete pegs
papillary layer
-
extensions to periosteum
reticular layer
-
lamina propria is made up of
- cells, vessels, nerves
- collagen fibers
- ground substance
-
cellular components of lamina propria
- fibroblasts
- mast cells
- PMNs
- macrophages
- lymphocytes
- plasma cells
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supracrestal fibers, gingival connective tissue attachments
gingival fibers
-
5 different gingival fibers
- circular
- dentinogingival
- dentoperiosteal
- transseptal
- alveologingival
-
JE+gingival fibers =
dentinogingival junction
-
biologic width of connective tissue attachments
1.07mm
-
biologic width of JE
.97mm
-
periodontal ligament is composed of
connective tissue (collagen and loose connective tissue)
-
cellular composition of periodontal ligament
- fibroblasts
- cemntoblasts to one side
- oteoblasts to other side
-
-
synthesizes collagen, collgenase, ground substance
fibroblasts
-
forms cementum
cementoblasts
-
PDL width of space:
.25mm
-
principle fiber group of PDL
sharpy's fibers
-
embed into cementum and bone
sharpey's fibers
-
types of perodontal ligament fibers (5)
- alveolar crest
- interradicular
- oblique
- horizontal
- apical
-
resists lateral movement
first to form (before eruption)
alveolar crest
-
resists tipping and pulling out
interradicular
-
most abundant and absorbs occlusal forces
oblique
-
opposes lateral forces
horizontal
-
-
functions of periodontal ligament fibers (6)
- suspensory
- shock absorber
- remodeling
- blood supply
- tactile pressure
- proprioceptive
-
a sensory receptor, forund mainly in muscles, tendons, joints, and the inner ear, that detects the motion or postion of the body or a limb by responding to stimuli arising wiiithin the organism
proprioceptive
-
cementum is composed of what kind of tissue
- connective tissue
- (callagen, ground substance, cells, Ca, phosphates)
-
-
type of cementum befor tooth erupion; contains no cells; coronal two thirds and thinnest at CEJ
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