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Bio Lecture ch 22 Vocab
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Phylogeny
the evolutionary history of relationships among organisms or their genes
Phylogenic Tree
a diagram that portrays a reconstruction of that history
used to predict the evolutionary history of species, populations, and genes.
Taxon
any group of species that is designated a name
Clade
any taxon that consists of all the evolutionary descendants of a common ancestor
sister species
two species that are each other's closest relatives
Sister clades
two clades that are each other's closest relatives
Systematics
the study and classifications of biodiversity
Tree of Life
the complete evolutionary history of life
Homologous features
any feature inherited from a common ancestor
may be heritable traits or behavioral traits
Ancestral trait
a trait found in a group that was already present in the ancestor of that group
Derived trait
a trait found in a descendant that differs from its ancestral form
Synamorphies
Derived traits that are shared among a group of organisms
are viewed as evidence of of the common ancestry of the group
Convergent Evolution
a phenomenon in which independently evolved traits exposed to similar pressures may become superficially similar
evolutionary reversal
a characteristic may revert from a derived state back to an ancestral state
Homoplasies (homoplastic trait)
similar traits generated by convergent and evolutionary reversals
Ingroup
the group of organisms of primary interest
Outgroup
a point of reference for the ingroup
ingroup compared to this group
Parsimony Principle
states that the preferred example of observed data is the simplest explanation
Maximum Likelihood
method that identifies the tree that most likely produced the observed data
Molecular Clock
uses the average rate and which given gene protein accumulates changes to gauge the time of divergence for a particular split in a phylogeny
made using independent data, fossil record, known times of divergence, or biogeographic dates
Binomial Nominclature
a naming system that allows scientists to refer unambiguously same organisms by the same name
Genus
A group of closely related species
Family
The taxon above the genus
Orders
groups of families
Classes
Groups of orders
Phyla
groups of classes
Kingdom
groups of phyla
monophyletic
the taxon contains an ancestor and all descendants of that ancestor and no other organisms
polyphyletic
a group that does not include its common ancestor
Paraphyletic
a group that does not include all the descendants of a common ancestor
Author
kickenbugg
ID
62987
Card Set
Bio Lecture ch 22 Vocab
Description
Ch 22 Vocab "Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies"
Updated
2011-01-30T22:07:09Z
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