-
What is the scientific study of skin?
dermatology
-
Clinically, what might an overall paleness of the integument indicate?
shock
-
Clinically, what might an overall redness of the integument indicate?
an increased body temp from exertion or infection
-
Clinically, what might a localized redness of the integument indicate?
localized irritation from trauma or infection such as diaper rash
-
What organ is in the integument?
skin
-
Why is the skin considered an organ?
it is made up of all 4 tissue types & performs a specific function to protect the body
-
Which of the four primary tissue types make up the integument?
epithelial tissue
-
What are the two layers of the integument?
dermis & epidermis
-
What layer of tissue lies just deep to the integument?
subcutaneous layer
-
What type of tissue makes up the epidermis?
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
-
The epidermis lacks blood vessels. What medical term describes this?
avascular
-
What three pigments contribute to skin color?
hemoglobin, melanin, & carotene
-
What is a harmless localized overgrowth of melanin-forming cells?
a nevus (mole)
-
What is a yellowish or brown spot caused by localized areas of excessive melanocyte activity rather than in increase in melanocyte number?
freckles
-
What is a congenital anomaly that results in skin discoloration due to blood vessels that proliferate and form a benign tumor?
hemangioma
-
What are contours of the skin surface that form ridge patterns on the palmar aspect of the hand and the plantar surface of the foot?
friction ridges
-
What layer of the dermis is superficial and contains capillaries and sensory receptors?
papillary layer
-
What layer of the dermis is deeper and contains large amounts of collagen and consists primarily of dense irregular connective tissue?
reticular layer
-
What are lines of cleavage?
parallel bundles of collagen
-
Nerve fibers are extensively dispersed throughout the dermis. What is this property of the distribution of nerves to or in a part of the body?
innervation
-
What two processes change the diameter of blood vessels and in the skin help regulate body temperature and blood pressure?
vasoconstriction & vasodilation
-
What are nails?
scalelike modifications of the epidermis that form on the dorsal tips of fingers and toes
-
What are the functions of the nails?
protection & improve grip
-
What is the area of active growth in a nail?
nail matrix
-
What is the whitish semilunar area at the proximal end of a nail?
lunula
-
What is hair?
a filament of keratinized cells
-
What is the fine, unpigmented, downy hair that first appears on the fetus in the last trimester?
lanugo
-
What is the fine, unpigmented or lightly pigmented hair found on the arms and legs?
vellus
-
What is the usually course, pigmented hair found in the scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes, axilla, and pubic region and the faces of adult males?
terminal hair
-
What is the swelling at the base of the hair and lying within the dermis?
hair bulb
-
What is the portion of a hair from the bulb to the surface?
root
-
What is the portion of the hair that extends beyond the skin surface?
shaft
-
What is the oblique tube of epithelium that surrounds a hair?
hair follicle
-
What smooth muscles produce "goose bumps"?
arrector pili muscle
-
What type of sweat gland functions in thermoregulation?
merocrine glands
-
What type of sweat gland produces a distinct odor?
apocrine glands
-
What type of gland produces sebum to keep the skin and hair from becoming dry?
sebaceous glands
-
What type of gland is located within the ear?
ceruminous glands
-
What glands produce milk?
mammary glands
-
What germ layer gives rise to the epidermis?
ectoderm
-
What germ layer gives rise to the dermis?
mesoderm
|
|
