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Burns are:
Wounds caused by an energy transfer from a heat source to the body, heating enough to cause damage.
Amount of skin damage is related to
1. Temperature of agent
2. Burning agent itself
3. Duration of contact
4. Conductivity of tissue
5. Thickness of dermal structures
Complications of burn injuries include
Loss of protective functions
Inefeective Thermoregulation
Risk of infection
Changes in sensory function
Loss of fluids
Impaired skin regeneration
Impaired secretory and excretory function
Hyperemia (epidermis)
Vascularity maintaines
No cell death
Red
Blanching
Stasis (dermis)
Temperature increase in tissue edema
Vasoconstriction
Sludging of blood cells
Red
No blanching
Coagulation (subcutaneous)
Irreversible cell death
White or gray
No blanching
Partial thickness burns
Superficial
(1st-2nd degree)
Healing time
: 7-10 days
Partial thickness
Deep
Epidermis and 1/2 to 7/8 of dermis
Healing time
: 14-21 days
May need grafting
Full thickness
3rd-4th degree
Needs grafting to complete healing
Fluid balance complications related to burns
Increased capillary permeability leads to leakage of plasma and proteins into tissue which leads to edema.
Edema=loss of systemic volume.
Cardiac function complications related to burns
Initial decrease in cardiac output
Loss of circulating plasma volume
Hypovolemia related to fluid shift
Can lead to hypovolemic shock
Increases in hematocrit
RBC's destroyed
Decrease in platelet function
Possibke thrombosis
Metabolic change complications related to burns
High metabolic rate
Stress response (elevated catacholamine levels)
severe catabolism
Weight loss
Decreased wound healing
High sugar levels
GI complications related to burns
Gastric dilation
Peptic ulcers
Paralytic ileus
Depressed motility
Renal complications related to burns
Hypovolemia
Decreased cardiac output
Decreased renal blood flow
Decreased GFR
Myoglobin casts related to muscle destruction
Renal tubular necrosis
Pulmonary complications related to burns
Related to smoke inhalation
Hyperventilation
Increased O2 consumption
Fear
Anxiety
Pain
Immune function complications related to burns
Depresses immunoglobulins:
IgA
IgG
IgM
Rule of 9's for the adult
Head & neck
: 9%
Front
: 18%
Back
: 18%
Arm
: 9% (x2)
Leg
: 18% (x2)
Genitalia
: 1%
Rule of 9's for the child
Head & neck
: 18%
Back
: 18%
Front
: 18%
Arm
: 9% (x2)
Leg
: 13.5% (x2)
Genitalia
: 1%
Stages of burn care
1
: emergent
2
: acute
3
: rehabilitation
Autograft
Skin taken from another part of the body to be grafted
Silvadine
Topical
Sulfamylon
Topical
Silver nitrate
Topical
Bacitracin
Topical
Gentamycin
Topical
Bactroban
Topical
Neosporin
Topical
Author
AlexisSheasMommy
ID
62817
Card Set
Chapter_55
Description
Burns
Updated
2011-01-29T22:27:43Z
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