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Cranial Nerves
- Emerge from brain (mostly the brainstem)
- Innervate head and neck
- Most cranial nerves have an associated nucleus (cell bodies of motor neurons and some synapses from sensory neurons)
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Nerve Name 1 and 2
Olfactory and optic
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Nerve Name 3 and 4
Oculomotor and Trochlear
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Nerve Name 5 and 6
Trigeminal and Abducens
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Nerve Name 7 and 8
Facial and Vestibulocochlear
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Nerve Name 9 and 10
Glossopharyngeal and Vagus
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Nerve Name 11 and 12
Spinal Accessory and Hypoglossal
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Olfactory Nerve
- Motor: None
- Sensory: sense of smell (axons terminate in the amygdala and the thalamus)
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Optic Nerve
- Motor: None
- Sensory: vision (most axons terminate in the thalamus)
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Oculomotor Nerve
- Motor: Eye movements, eyelid opening, pupillary constriction
- Sensory: none
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Trochlear Nerve
- Motor: Eye movements
- Sensory: none
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Trigeminal Nerve
- Motor: Mastification
- Sensory: pain, temperature, and touch sensation on face
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Abducens Nerve
- Motor: Eye movement
- Sensory: none
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Facial Nerve
- Motor: Facial expression; secretion of tears, saliva, and mucous
- Sensory: taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue
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Bells' Palsy
Unilateral facial nerve paralysis
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Vestibulocochlear Nerve
- Motor: fine tuning of cochlea outer hair cells
- Sensory: hearing, equilibrium
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Glossopharyngeal Nerve
- Motor: salivation, swallowing, and gagging
- Sensory: taste from posterior third of tongue; touch, pressure, pain, and temperature from tongue and outer ear; blood pressure and respiration monitoring
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Vagus Nerve
- Motor: swallowing, speech, heart rate, bronchoconstriction, GI secretion and motility
- Sensory: taste, hunger, fullness, GI discomfort
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Spinal Accessory Nerve
- Motor: Swallowing; head, neck and shoulder movements
- Sensory: None
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Hypoglossal Nerve
- Motor: tongue movement during speech, eating, and swallowing
- Sensory: none
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