Immunology Test 1

organisms causing disease

their means of attacking the host

an infection by a ubiquitous microorganisms, often observed in cases of immune deficiency

• 1. skin and mucosal membranes
• 2. phagocytic cells
• 3. soluble molecules

• 1. lysozyme
• 2. interferon
• 3. complement

a hydrolytic enzyme found in mucous secretions and in tears that is able to cleave the peptidoglycan layer of the bacterial cell wall

comprises a group of proteins produced by virus-infected cells (they have the ability to bind to nearby cells and induce a generalized antiviral state)

includes a group of serum proteins that circulate in an inactive state.

the ability to recognize a given class of molecules

the soluble proteins are growth factor-like molecules that react with receptors on a synthesis of new factors or to undergo differentiation to a new cell type

a class of cytokines that have chemotactic activity and that recruits specific cells to the site of the cell secreting that cytokine

the type of intracellular communication mediated by cytokines

• 1. soluble molecule (ligand)
• 2. cell membrane-bound molecule (receptor)

it can be #1 & #2 or it can be two #2s on two different cells :)

• 1. antigenic specificity
• 2. diversity
• 3. immunologic memory
• 4. self-non-self recognition

adaptive

they are on of many types of WBCs produced in the bone marrow by the process of hematopoiesis. mediate the 4 attributes of adaptive immunity

• B CELLS
• -mature in the bone marrow
• -expresses antigen binding receptor on its membrane (membrane bound antibody molecule)
• -when the antigen binds to the antibody the cell divides rapidly into memory B cells and effector B cells

• T CELLS
• -arise in bone marrow but matures in the thymus gland
• - express a unique antigen binding molecule called the T-cell receptor (TCR)
• -can only recognize an antigen that is bound to a major histocompatibility complex molecule (MHC)
• -when encountering an antigen it proliferates into memory T cells and effector T cells

• T Helper-CD4-MHC Class II
• T Cytotoxic-CD8-MHC Class I

in all nucleated cells

in antigen presenting cell

immune system lost its sense to differentiate self and non-self. therefore the antigen develops against self system

when any components of innate or acquired immunity are defective due to genetic abnormality or due to damage by chemical, physical, or biological agents. (IgA is lacking)

immune system will attack and reject any transplanted organ that it recognizes as non-self

any transplanted cells with immune function is also rejected bc of its own immune system bc it recognizes the host as non-self

IgE; allergies and asthma happen when there is an inappropriate immune response to something harmless