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Investing Cells
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Why are stains used?
To make cell structures more clearly visible
Cells are....?
the building blocks of life
All living things are made up of ____?
cells
A living thing is called an ________?
organism
Animal cells have.....?
Nucleus
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Plant cells have.....?
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Cell Wall
Chloroplasts
(Permanent) Vacuole
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Controls what goes in and out of the cell
What is the function of the nucleus?
Controls the cell
What is the function of the cell wall?
Protects and supports the cell
What happens in the cytoplasm?
Chemical reactions
What does the vacuole do?
Holds spare water
Green plants contain chlorophyll in the chloroplasts which ______ the suns energy?
absorbs
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Once the molecules have spread out the have reached _______?
equilibrium
The greater the concentration gradient the ________ the rate of diffusion?
greater
The larger the molecule the _______ the rate of diffusion?
slower
Diffusion can occur in....?
air and liquids
Oygen and food diffuse ______ the blood then the cells of the body?
into
Carbon dioxide diffuses _____ the cells into the blood, to the lungs to be breathed out of the body?
from
The cell membrane controls movement into and out of the cell - it is......?
selectively permeable
What is osmosis?
The movement of water molecules from a high to a low water concentration through a selectively permeable membrane
When water moves
into
a plant cell it becomes ______?
turgid
When water moves
out of
a plant cell it is said to be _______?
flaccid
When the cytoplasm shrinks and the cell membrane starts to peel away from the cell wall, the cell has undergone _________?
plasmolysis
What is a concentration gradient?
The difference between a high and a low concentration
Cell division ______ the number of cells in an organism?
increases
Single-celled organisms reproduce by ______?
mitosis
Mitosis (nuclear division) and cell division are important for......?
growth and repair
Describe the stages of mitosis
1. The chromosmes become visible in the nucleus
2. The number of chromosomes double
3. The chromosmes line up along the equator (the centre of the nucleus)
4. Spindle fibres attatch to the chromosmes
5. The chromosomes are pulled apart (towards the poles)
6. The cytoplasm divides
7. The cell membrane divides and two new cells are formed
8. The nucleus reforms
What is the centre of a chromosome called?
The centromere
A "normal" human should have ____ chromosomes?
46 (2 sets of 23)
Human cells with 46 chromosomes are called _______?
diploid
Degredation means.....?
breakdown
Synthesis means....?
build up
Enzymes are.....?
biological catalysts which speed up reactions
Enzymes work on ______?
substrates
Enzymes are made from ______?
protein
Enzymes are _______ in a reaction?
never used up
Ezymes are _______ - they only act on one type of substrate?
specific
Over 50 degrees celcius ezymes are _______?
denatured
The temperature enzymes work best at is their ______ temperature?
optimum
What is pepsins optimum pH?
pH 2
What is catalase's optimum pH?
pH 8
What enzyme builds up glucose-1-phosphate into starch?
potato phosphorylase
What enzyme speeds up the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water?
catalase
What enzyme breaks down starch into maltose?
amylase
What food group contains the most energy per gram?
fats and oils
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
glucose + oxygen ----> energy + carbon dioxide + water
_______ energy is released from cells during respiration?
heat
What is energy from respiration needed for?
Heat
Cell metabolism
Growth
Reproduciton
Movement
Author
Anonymous
ID
62739
Card Set
Investing Cells
Description
Standard Grade Biology - Investigating Cells
Updated
2011-01-29T15:28:30Z
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