1. Home
  2. Flashcards
  3. Preview

Investing Cells

  1. Why are stains used?
    To make cell structures more clearly visible
  2. Cells are....?
    the building blocks of life
  3. All living things are made up of ____?
    cells
  4. A living thing is called an ________?
    organism
  5. Animal cells have.....?
    • Nucleus
    • Cell membrane
    • Cytoplasm
  6. Plant cells have.....?
    • Nucleus
    • Cytoplasm
    • Cell membrane
    • Cell Wall
    • Chloroplasts
    • (Permanent) Vacuole
  7. What is the function of the cell membrane?
    Controls what goes in and out of the cell
  8. What is the function of the nucleus?
    Controls the cell
  9. What is the function of the cell wall?
    Protects and supports the cell
  10. What happens in the cytoplasm?
    Chemical reactions
  11. What does the vacuole do?
    Holds spare water
  12. Green plants contain chlorophyll in the chloroplasts which ______ the suns energy?
    absorbs
  13. What is diffusion?
    Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
  14. Once the molecules have spread out the have reached _______?
    equilibrium
  15. The greater the concentration gradient the ________ the rate of diffusion?
    greater
  16. The larger the molecule the _______ the rate of diffusion?
    slower
  17. Diffusion can occur in....?
    air and liquids
  18. Oygen and food diffuse ______ the blood then the cells of the body?
    into
  19. Carbon dioxide diffuses _____ the cells into the blood, to the lungs to be breathed out of the body?
    from
  20. The cell membrane controls movement into and out of the cell - it is......?
    selectively permeable
  21. What is osmosis?
    The movement of water molecules from a high to a low water concentration through a selectively permeable membrane
  22. When water moves into a plant cell it becomes ______?
    turgid
  23. When water moves out of a plant cell it is said to be _______?
    flaccid
  24. When the cytoplasm shrinks and the cell membrane starts to peel away from the cell wall, the cell has undergone _________?
    plasmolysis
  25. What is a concentration gradient?
    The difference between a high and a low concentration
  26. Cell division ______ the number of cells in an organism?
    increases
  27. Single-celled organisms reproduce by ______?
    mitosis
  28. Mitosis (nuclear division) and cell division are important for......?
    growth and repair
  29. Describe the stages of mitosis
    • 1. The chromosmes become visible in the nucleus
    • 2. The number of chromosomes double
    • 3. The chromosmes line up along the equator (the centre of the nucleus)
    • 4. Spindle fibres attatch to the chromosmes
    • 5. The chromosomes are pulled apart (towards the poles)
    • 6. The cytoplasm divides
    • 7. The cell membrane divides and two new cells are formed
    • 8. The nucleus reforms
  30. What is the centre of a chromosome called?
    The centromere
  31. A "normal" human should have ____ chromosomes?
    46 (2 sets of 23)
  32. Human cells with 46 chromosomes are called _______?
    diploid
  33. Degredation means.....?
    breakdown
  34. Synthesis means....?
    build up
  35. Enzymes are.....?
    biological catalysts which speed up reactions
  36. Enzymes work on ______?
    substrates
  37. Enzymes are made from ______?
    protein
  38. Enzymes are _______ in a reaction?
    never used up
  39. Ezymes are _______ - they only act on one type of substrate?
    specific
  40. Over 50 degrees celcius ezymes are _______?
    denatured
  41. The temperature enzymes work best at is their ______ temperature?
    optimum
  42. What is pepsins optimum pH?
    pH 2
  43. What is catalase's optimum pH?
    pH 8
  44. What enzyme builds up glucose-1-phosphate into starch?
    potato phosphorylase
  45. What enzyme speeds up the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water?
    catalase
  46. What enzyme breaks down starch into maltose?
    amylase
  47. What food group contains the most energy per gram?
    fats and oils
  48. What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
    glucose + oxygen ----> energy + carbon dioxide + water
  49. _______ energy is released from cells during respiration?
    heat
  50. What is energy from respiration needed for?
    • Heat
    • Cell metabolism
    • Growth
    • Reproduciton
    • Movement
Author
Anonymous
ID
62739
Card Set
Investing Cells
Description
Standard Grade Biology - Investigating Cells
Updated

  1. Home
  2. Flashcards
  3. Preview