Chemistry Ch. 11

A (n) _________ force eists between an ion and the partial charge on the end of a polar molecule.

_________forces are where neutral polar moleclues attract each other when the positive end of one molecule is near the negative end of another.

Two molecules that are attracting each other spend _____ time near each other than do two that are repelling each other.

For molecules of approximately equal mass and size, the strengths of intermolecular attractions _____ with increasing polarity.

Boiling point ______ as dipole moment increases.

Molecules with smaller molecular volumes generally experience _____ dipole-dipole attractive forces.

______ force is when the temporary dipole on one atom can induce a similar temporary dipole on an adjacent atom, causing the atoms to be attracted to each other.

The ease at which the electron distribution in a molecule is distorted

Dispersion forces between polar molecules commonly contribute _____ to intermolecular attractions than do dipole-dipole forces.

When molecules of 2 substances have comparable weights and shapes, _____forces are equal. The differences in magnitude result from the differences in the strengths of _____________ atractions. With the ____ polar molecule having the stronger attractions.

Boiling point ______ with increasing molecular weight.

______ is a special type of intermolecular attraction between the hydrogen atom in a polar bond and an unshared elecron pair on a nearby small electronegative ion or atom.

Hydrogen bonds are generally____ than dipole-dipole or dispersion forces.

The strength of dispersion forces _____ with increased molecular weight and depend on molecular shape.

The resistance of a liquid to flow.

Viscosity _____ with molecular weight.

Viscosity ______ with increasing temp.

__________ is due to an imbalance of intermolecular forces at the surface of the liquid.

The energy required to increase the surface area of a liquid by a unit amount.

Intermolecular forces that bind similar molecules to one another.

Intermolecular forces that bind a substance to a surface.

Curved upper surface of the water.

The rise of liquids up very narrow tubes.

Changes directly from the solid to the vapor state.

Each state of matter can change into either of the other 2 states.

The increased freedom of motion of the molecules or ions

Concentration of gas phase molecules over the liquid increases with temperature. These molecules exert_____

The energy required to caue the transition from liquid to gas

Change in H_vap tends to be ______ than change in H_fus.

The enthalpy change required to change solid directly to a gas

heat of freezing- _______
heat of fusion- _______
heat of deposition- ______
heat of sublimation-_______

Melting is a ______ process

the graph of the temp. of the system vs. the amount of heat added

the amount of heat needed to raise the temp. of a substance is given by the product of the _________, _______, and ________.

the highest temperature at which a distinct liquid phase can form

The pressure required to bring about liquification at the critical temp.

the highest temp at which a liquid can exist

the greater the intermolecular forces, the ______ the critical temp

pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid or solid phase

the weaker the attractive forces, the ____ is the number of molecules that are able to escape and therefore, the higher the vapor pressure

the condition in which 2 opposing processes are occuring simultaneously at equal rates

when evaporation and condensation occur at equal rates

equilibrium never occurs in an _____space.

Substances with high vapor pressure evaporate ____ quickly than substances with low vapor pressure

liquids that evaporate readily

vapor pressure ________ with increasing temp.

the boiling point of a liquid at 1atm pressure

a graphical way to summarize the conditions under which equilibrium exists between the different states of matter

the critical temp and critical pressure of a substance

where the 3 curves intersect

solids can either be _______ or _______.

atoms, ions or molecules are ordered in well defined arrangements

solid whose particles have no orderly structure

amorphous solids dont melt, they ______.

the repeating unit of a solid

3D array of points

a _______ represents an identical environment within the solid

parallelepipeds

when lattice points are at conrners only

when a lattice point also occurs at the center of the unit cell

when the cell has lattice points at the center of each face, as well as each corner

spheres of the 3rd layer are placed in line with those of the 1st layer

spheres of the 3rd layer dont sit above the spheres in the 1st layer

the number of particles immediately surrounding a particle in the crystal structure

atoms or molecules held together by intermolecular forces

atoms hed togehter in large networks or chains by covalent bonds

ions held togehter by ionic bonds

solids consisting of entirely metals

bonding in metals is due to _____ _______ that are delocalized througout the entire solid

strenth of bonding ______ as the # of electrons available for bonding increases