Test 1

what people actually think, feel, and do in any given situation.

Scientific Method

• Testable predictions (predictions) about human nature.
• Systematic, *multiple observations
• Empirical measures of behavior

• the scientific study of how people think about, influence and relate to others.
• Exp. How accurate are our first impressions?
• What are successful tactics of influence persuasion?

• Conceptual
• Empirical

concepts, constructs, and theories of interests.

What is actually hypothesized and measured

principles that explain predicted and observed events.

testable predictions about how people will respond under certain conditions.

measure the concept of interest as accurately as possible.

measures what it is suppose to measure.

is consistent

• physical
• verbal
• relational

• main aspects of human experience
• Affect
• Behavior
• Cognition

Feelings and emotions

actions taken

thoughts or mental process

Measures heart-rate while people watch a violent movie

Measures how many times someone hits a punching bag after being insulted

Ask someone to report the thoughts after performing an aggression activity.

as one variable goes up so does the other one

as one variable goes down the other goes up.

established that two variables are related

Can't explain causal relationships.

outside the lab in natural settings

What is manipulated or controlled in an experiment

What is measured. Outcome variable (usually one or more of the Triad)

Lots of realism. Measures real world phenomena.

Can't make definitive claims of causality.

is the settings of the experiment similar to the real world.

Does the experiment evoke the same process as in the real world.

inner most thoughts and feelings

• the way a person acts in public.
• Exp. Soldier scared on the inside but saves people and risks his life.
• Is he a coward or a hero

different and sets it apart from others.

different roles a person plays

attending to your inner states.

attending to how you are perceived.

the process by which the self controls and changes its self.

• Charles Horton Cooley
• People learn about themselves though others

• George Herbert Mead
• what everyone views and tells you about your self (compiled)

Knowing or examining one's own inner thoughts and feelings

examining the difference between ones self to another person

comparing self to others that are better

comparing ones self to others that are worse

Wanting to perform an activity for its own sake

• Performing an activity for something that results form doing the activity.
• exp. painting for money

the tendency for intrinsic motivation to diminish for activities that have been associated with rewards

wanting to learn the truth about ones self no matter what it is

desire to learn favorable or flattering things about the self (inflates positive)

is the desire to learn about confirming aspects about one's self

putting obstacles in the way of ones own performance so that the anticipated failure can be blamed on the obstacles

Information bearing on the self is processed more thoroughly and more deeply and remembered better than other information

things gain value to a person when it is associated with them

a pattern where people claim credit for success but deny blame for failure.

a measure of how desirable one would be to other people

the idea that both man and women seek to minimize the most costly type of error but the men's goals, and hence worst error, differ

the preference to keep things the way they are rather than change

the tendency to take what ever course of action does not require you to do anything (aka Default option)

the idea that people want what is forbidden

believe that traits are fixed

Those who believe that traits are subject to change

belief that one's actions will not bring about desired outcomes, leading one to give up and quit

the theory that people need to feel at leas some degree of autonomy and internal motivation.

a reduction in stress or suffering due to a belief that one has the option of escaping or controlling the situation even if one doesn't exercise

an idea of some desired future state

a tendency to experience automatic, intrusive thoughts about a goal whose pursuit has been interrupted.

when the activation of a focal goal the person is working on inhibits the accessibility of alternative goals

the tendency for plans to be overtly optimistic because the planner fails to allow for unexpected problems

Keeping track of the behaviors or response to be regulated

Test Operate Test Exit

• Test self against standards
• Operate make changes
• Test to see if the changes are good if yes
• Exit the change process

Operate phase making the change

when someone brings failure misfortune to themselves.

Observing our behavior and actions as we would observe others. Then interpret action

people have a Merged Identity with others

Knowledge of one's self

Evaluation of one's self

• measures self report
• problems - self presenting
• measures provide more content specific index of self-esteem

• Measures self-esteem via priming
• it measures provide a less biased measure of general positivity

trying to avoid loss of esteem