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The study of matter
Chemistry
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anything that has mass and takes up space, can change from one form to another.
Matter
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substances, are used up and others formd in their place
Al+Br3= AlBr2
chemical change
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matter does not lose its identity
density, color, melting point, physical state (gas, liquid, solid)
physical change
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statement based on direct experience
Fact
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proposed statement without actual proof, to explain a set of facts or their relationship. Do experiments to test
Hypothesis
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creation of a relationship among certain observed phenomena, which has been verified to some extent.
Theory
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- has no definite shape or volum
-expands to fill whatever container it is put into
-is highly compressible
Gas
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-has no definite shape but a definite volume
-is only slightly compressible
Liquid
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-has a definite shape and volume.
-is essentially imcompressible
solid
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oF= 9\5oC+32
convert from celsius to fahrenheit
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oC = 5/9(oF -32)
Convert oF to oC
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K=oC + 273
Convert oC to K
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d=m/v
m/d=v
v * d= m
m=g
v=ml
d=g/ml
Density formula
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the ratio of mass to volume
Density
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the density of a substance compared to water as a standard.
= density without units measured
Specific Gravity
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The capacity to do work
Energy
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the energy of motion
- increases as the object's velocity increases
- Kinectic energy (KE)
- as the same velocity, a heavier object has a greater KE
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the energy an object has because of its position; stored energy
Potential energy
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energy can neither be created nor destroyed.
energy can be converted from one form to another
law of conservation of energy
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is a form of energy.
flows from the hotter object to the cooler one.
measured in calories (cal)
TEMPERATURE IS NOT A FORM OF ENERGY!!!
heat
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anything that occupies space and has mass
matter
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a combination of two or more pure substances
ex: blood, air, gasoline, soap
mixture
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fixed composition; cannot be further purified.
pure substances.
mixtures can be physically separable into pure substances
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a type of mixture
nonuniform composition
heterogenous matter
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a type of mixture
uniform composition throughout
homogenous matter
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cannot be subdivided by chemical or physical means
elements
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elements united in fixed ratios
elements combine chemically to form ...
Compounds
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is a tightly bound combination of two or more atoms that acts as a single unit
molecule
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are formed by the chemical combination of two or more of the same or different kinds of atoms.
Compounds
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John Dalton founded this.
all matter is composed of very tiny particles
all ____of the same element have the same chemical properities.
___ of different elements have different chemical properties.
Atoms
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consist of single atoms.
example: He and Ne
Monatomic Elements
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H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
diatomic elements.
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Three or more atoms per molecule
O3 , P4 , S8
Polyatomic Elements
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the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
mass number
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the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
-bottom number in isotopes
atomic number
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atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
- isotopes
- - most elements found on Earth are mixtures of isotopes.
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-solids at room temp, execpt HG which is a liquid.
shiny, conduct electricity,and are ductile and malleable.
-form alloys (solutions of one metal dissolved in another)
-in chemical reactions,they tend to give up electrons
- Metals
- -example brass for example, is an alloy of copper and zinc
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-except for H they lie on the right side of the Periodic Table.
-except for graphite, do nt conduct electricity
-in chemical reactions they tend to accept electrons
nonmetals
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-some of the properties of metals and some of nonmetals; example shiny like metals but do not conduct electricity.
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metalloids
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the lowest energy state of an atom
ground state
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principle energy levels
1,2,3,4...
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electrons are always moving so it is posessing ____
Kinectic Energy KE
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decreases from left to right
increases from bottom to top
atomic Size
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