Respiratory System

• provides oxygen to the blood
• removes carbon dioxide
• enables sound production
• aids in the abdominal compression needed during urination and defecation

the combination of four processes

• pulmonary ventilation
• external respiration
• transport of respiratory gases
• internal respiration

• movement of air between the lungs and the environment
• has two divisions

• Inspiration: movement of air into the lungs
• Expiration: movement of air out of the lungs

movement of oxygen from the lungs to the blood and movement of co2 from the blood to the lungs

transport of oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and transport of co2 from the tissues to the lungs

movement of oxygen from the blood to the cells and movement of co2 from the cells to the blood

:)

• Nose
• Pharynx
• Larynx
• Trachea
• Bronchi
• Alveoli

• provides an airway fro respiration
• moistens the air
• filters and cleans the air
• amplifies the sound of speech/passes the sound
• detects odors in the air

• Vibrassae
• Nasal Cillia
• Capillaries
• Nasal Conchae
• Oflactory Mucosa
• Respiratory Mucosa
• Lymphocytes and IgA

guard hairs in the nose that filter out particles

small hairs that move particles towards the throat for digestion

• blood vessles that warm the air
• in the winter they can crack and cause nose bleeds

• the mucous membranes that line the nose
• also filter debri

mucous membranes with cell receptors to bring senses/smells to your brain

contain goblet cells that secrete mucous that kill bacteria

antibodies that fight off bacteria

the tube that leads from the nasal cavity to the larynx

• Nasopharynx
• Oropharynx
• Laryngopharynx

• made up of pseudostratified columner epithelium
• portion of tube behind the nose

• made up of stratified squamous epithelium
• tube behind your mouth that leads to your larynx

• made up of stratified squamous epithelium
• tube down your throat to your larynx

• Your voice box
• separates food and fluid from you airways
• produces sound and acts as a sphincter (round) muscle to close off the airway during muscle contraction so your contraction is stronger such as when lifiting something heavy

• Hyaline Cartilage
• Muscular Walls
• Glottis
• Eppiglottis
• False Vocal Cords
• True Vocal Cords

• nine c shaped rings of hyaline cartilage in the front
• they make the framework of the larynx

help make sound and swallow

top opening of the larynx

the flap that opens and closes to prevent food and fluid from entering the larynx through the glottis

• aid that glottis to close during swallowing
• it pulls on the glottis and the sphincter muscle closes

• produce sound
• high pitched sounds made by shorter thiner voacl cords (air can move quicker there)
• Lowe pitched sounds made by longer fatter cords

• the windpipe
• cleans, warms, and moistens the air comming in

• made up of many rings of hyaline cartialage
• ciliated psudostratified epithelium

tubes that carry air in and out

• Left and right primary bronchi branch into secondary bronchi (there is one secondary bronchi for each lobe. in your left lung you have two lobes so two secondary bronchi and inyour right lung you have 3). the secondary bronchi branch into tertriary bronchi which branch into bronchioles (smaller tubes) to terminal bronchioles (an end or stop) which are the last without alveoli sacs
• there is then the respiratory bronchioles which have sacs to the alveolar ducts to the alveolar sacs which are clusters of alveoli

they exchange gas

clusters of alveoli

2

simple squamous epithelium that allow gases to diffuse in and/or out

• simple cuboidal epithelium
• surfactant- fluid that helps you deal with pressure

• alveolar macrophages in the blood
• leukocytes that clean up any infections

• they open the tube for more air
• close it for less air

they help push the air out of your lungs