What are the five functions of the respiratory system?
provides oxygen to the blood
removes carbon dioxide
enables sound production
aids in the abdominal compression needed during urination and defecation
What is respiration?
the combination of four processes
What are the four processes of repiration?
pulmonary ventilation
external respiration
transport of respiratory gases
internal respiration
What is Pulmonary Ventilation?
movement of air between the lungs and the environment
has two divisions
What are the two divisions of Pulmonary Respiration?
Inspiration: movement of air into the lungs
Expiration: movement of air out of the lungs
What is External Respiration?
movement of oxygen from the lungs to the blood and movement of co2 from the blood to the lungs
What is transport of Respiratory Gases?
transport of oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and transport of co2 from the tissues to the lungs
What is Internal Respiration?
movement of oxygen from the blood to the cells and movement of co2 from the cells to the blood
Know diagram of air flow
:)
What are the principal organs of the respiratory system?
Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Alveoli
What is the function of the nose? (5)
provides an airway fro respiration
moistens the air
filters and cleans the air
amplifies the sound of speech/passes the sound
detects odors in the air
What are the parts of the nose?
Vibrassae
Nasal Cillia
Capillaries
Nasal Conchae
Oflactory Mucosa
Respiratory Mucosa
Lymphocytes and IgA
What is the Vibrassae?
guard hairs in the nose that filter out particles
What is Nasal Cillia?
small hairs that move particles towards the throat for digestion
What are Capillaries
blood vessles that warm the air
in the winter they can crack and cause nose bleeds
What are Nasal Conchae?
the mucous membranes that line the nose
also filter debri
What are the Olfactory Mucosa?
mucous membranes with cell receptors to bring senses/smells to your brain
What is the respiratory mucosa?
contain goblet cells that secrete mucous that kill bacteria
What are Lymphocytes and IgA?
antibodies that fight off bacteria
What is the pharynx?
the tube that leads from the nasal cavity to the larynx
What are the parts of the larynx?
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
What is the nasopharynx?
made up of pseudostratified columner epithelium
portion of tube behind the nose
What is the Oropharynx?
made up of stratified squamous epithelium
tube behind your mouth that leads to your larynx
What is the Laryngopharynx?
made up of stratified squamous epithelium
tube down your throat to your larynx
What is the Larynx? What are the functions?
Your voice box
separates food and fluid from you airways
produces sound and acts as a sphincter (round) muscle to close off the airway during muscle contraction so your contraction is stronger such as when lifiting something heavy
What are the parts of the larynx?
Hyaline Cartilage
Muscular Walls
Glottis
Eppiglottis
False Vocal Cords
True Vocal Cords
What is the Hyaline Cartilage?
nine c shaped rings of hyaline cartilage in the front
they make the framework of the larynx
What are the muscular walls
help make sound and swallow
help make sound and swallow
What is the Glottis
top opening of the larynx
What is the Eppiglottis
the flap that opens and closes to prevent food and fluid from entering the larynx through the glottis
What are the False Vocal Cords?
aid that glottis to close during swallowing
it pulls on the glottis and the sphincter muscle closes
What are the True Vocal Cords?
produce sound
high pitched sounds made by shorter thiner voacl cords (air can move quicker there)
Lowe pitched sounds made by longer fatter cords
What is the Trachea? What are the functions?
the windpipe
cleans, warms, and moistens the air comming in
What are the Parts of the Trachea?
made up of many rings of hyaline cartialage
ciliated psudostratified epithelium
What is the bronchi?
tubes that carry air in and out
What are the parts of the bronchi?
Left and right primary bronchi branch into secondary bronchi (there is one secondary bronchi for each lobe. in your left lung you have two lobes so two secondary bronchi and inyour right lung you have 3). the secondary bronchi branch into tertriary bronchi which branch into bronchioles (smaller tubes) to terminal bronchioles (an end or stop) which are the last without alveoli sacs
there is then the respiratory bronchioles which have sacs to the alveolar ducts to the alveolar sacs which are clusters of alveoli
What are alveoli?
they exchange gas
What are alveolar sacs?
clusters of alveoli
How many types of alveolar cells are there
2
What are type 1 alveolar cells
simple squamous epithelium that allow gases to diffuse in and/or out
What are type 2 alveolar cells?
simple cuboidal epithelium
surfactant- fluid that helps you deal with pressure