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micro
*special character u* 10^-6
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diatomic molecules
H, N, O, F, Cl, Br, I
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hydrogen carbonate ion or bicarbonate ion
HCO3-
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hydrogen phosphate ion
HPO42-
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dihydrogen phosphate ion
H2PO4-
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hydrogen sulfate ion or bisulfate ion
HSO4-
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HCl (aq)
hydrochloric acid
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HBr (aq)
hydrobromic acid
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strong acids
HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, HClO4, H2SO4
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strong bases
LiOH, NaOH, KOH, Ba(OH)2
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Oxidation rules
- 0.) oxidation numbers are for atoms in molecule; different atoms in the molecule have different oxidation numbers
- 1.) the sum of oxidation numbers in a neutral molecule is zero; for an ion it is the charge of the ion
- 1a.) free elements have an oxidation number of 0
- 2.) metal of group 1A have +1; metals of group 2A have +2
- 3.) hydrogen has an oxidation number of +1
- 4.) oxygen has an oxidation number of -2
- 5.) halogens (7A) have -1; 6A has -2; 5A have -3
- 6.) if two rules are in clash, use the one with the lower number
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